There are some remnants of ancient Greek and Roman furniture, but a number of pictures in reliefs, painted pottery and other media. Usually made of wood, but expensive examples are often equipped with metal elements, which have a greater chance of survival. The style is generally rather light and elegant in upscale furniture, and by modern standards it seems to be not very layered. Some items made entirely of metal, such as lampstand, brazier and standing for sacrifice, have survived, and some covered by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius either carbonized or left a hole in the volcanic rock that can be used as a mold for the Paris plaster, allowing a clear idea about their original form. The rich have tables and chairs supported by marble, and some are safe. Wicker is widely used for armchairs.
Video Ancient furniture
Greek Furniture
Ancient Greek Furniture is usually made of wood, although it may also be made of stone or metal, such as bronze, iron, gold and silver. Small wood survived the ancient Greeks, although the varieties mentioned in the texts on Greece and Rome include maple, oak, beech, yew, and willow. The pieces are assembled using a wooden hammer, and put together with glamor, pegs, metal nails, and glue. Wood is formed by carvings, steam treatments, and lathe, and furniture is known to have been decorated with ivory, tortoiseshell, glass, gold or other valuable materials. Similarly, furniture can be coated with an expensive type of wood to make objects appear more expensive, although the classic furniture is often peeled compared to objects proven in the East, or those originating from earlier periods in Greece.
Extensive research was conducted on Greek furnishings by Gisela Richter, using a typological approach based primarily on pictorial examples depicted in Greek art, and from Richter's report that the main types can be described.
Greek seating
The modern word "throne" comes from the ancient Greek thronos (a single Greek: ??????), which is a seat devoted to a high-ranking god or individual. Zeus's colossal chrysellephantine sculpture in Olympia, built by Phidias and lost in antiquity, featured the god Zeus sitting on an elaborate throne, adorned with gold, precious stones, ebony and ivory, according to Pausanias. Less extravagant though more influential in later periods is klismos (a single Greek: ???????), an elegant Greek chair with a curved backrest and legs shaped by Roman and now part of the vocabulary furniture design. A good example is shown on the Hegeso inscription, dating from the late 5th century BC. Like the previous furniture from the east, klismos and thronos can be accompanied by a footstool. There are three types of footstools outlined by Richter - who have plain straight legs, which have curved legs, and a plaid shape that will sit directly on the ground.
The most common form of Greek chairs is a bench with no back, which must be found in every Greek house. This is apparently known as diphroi (a single Greek: ??????), and is easy to carry around. The Parthenon frieze displays many examples, in which the gods sit. Several stool fragments are found in B.C.E. 4th century. tombs in Thessaloniki, including two legs and four stretches of stretchers. Once made of wood and covered with silver paper, all that remains of this piece is a piece made of precious metal.
The folding bench, known as diphros okladias (a single Greek: ?????????????), is practical and portable. The folding bench of Greece survives in various depictions, showing its popularity in the Archaic and Classical periods; this type may be derived from earlier Minoan and Mycenaean examples, which in turn are probably based on the Egyptian model. The Greek folding bench may have straight straight legs or arched legs that usually end at the foot of the animal.
Klinai
Sofa or Greek table
In general, the Greek table (a single Greek: ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? often appear in the joint depiction of the clinic and may be fit under it.The most common type of Greek table has a square top length supported on three legs, although many configurations exist.The table can have a circular peak, and four legs or even a central foot, not three.The table in ancient Greece was used primarily for the purpose of eating - in the portrayal of the banquet, it seems as though each participant will take advantage of a table, rather than the collective use of larger pieces.On such occasions, the table will be moved according to one's needs.
The tables will also stand out in a religious context, as shown in the vase. One example by the Chicago Painter of The Art Institute of Chicago, dating around 450 BC, shows a picture of three women performing Dionysian rituals, in which the table serves as the perfect place to rest a kantharos - an associated wine vessel with Dionysus. Other pictures show that tables can vary in style from highly ornate to relatively unadorned.
Maps Ancient furniture
Roman furniture
For the most part, the types and styles of ancient Roman furniture followed them from their Hellenic and Hellenic Greek predecessors. Because it is difficult to distinguish the Roman forms from the Hellenistic earlier in many cases. Typical Gisela Richter's typological approach is useful in tracing the development of Greek furniture into Roman expression. The knowledge of Roman furniture comes primarily from depictions in frescoes and representations in sculptures, along with pieces of furniture, fragments, and actual fixtures, some of which were preserved by the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 AD. The most famous archaeological sites with pictures and fragments preserved from the eruption are Pompeii and Herculaneum in Italy. There are some fine examples of Roman furniture reconstructed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City as well as the Capitoline Museum in Rome.
Chair
The sella , or bench or chair, was the most common type of seat in Roman times, probably because of its easy portability. In addition, sella in its simplest form is not expensive to create. Both the slave and the emperor used it, although the poor were obviously ordinary, while the rich had access to valuable timber, emblazoned with inlay, metal, ivory, and silver and gold leaf. Bronze sellae from Herculaneum is square and has straight legs, ornamental stretcher, and dining chairs. The sella curulis , or folding bench, is an important indicator of power in the Roman period. There are sellae that resemble benches and chairs folded in scissor mode to facilitate transportation.
Roman cathedra is the seat with the back, though there is disagreement about the exact meaning of the Latin term. Richter defines cathedra as a newer version of Greek klismos , which he says has never been as popular as its Greek predecessor. A. T. Croom, however, considers cathedra as a high-backed rattan chair usually associated with women. They have also been seen used as early school teachers, students will sit around him in this chair when he teaches. It shows who holds the power seat in class. Like Greek furnishings, the names of the various Roman types found in the text are not always associated with known forms of furniture.
The Latin solium is considered to be equivalent to the Greek term thronos and is thus often translated as "throne." It's like a modern chair, with a backrest and armrest. The three types of solia based on the Greek prototype are distinguished by Richter: thrones with "reversed" and "rectangular" legs and magnificent thrones with sturdy sides, some of which remain in stone. In addition, the type with back and high hands, resting on a cylindrical or cone base, is said to be derived from the Etruscan prototype.
Couches
Some of the original Roman couches survive, albeit occasionally bronze fittings, which help with the reconstruction of the original form. While in the rich household bed is used for sleeping in the bedroom ( lectus cubicularis ), and the couch for the banquet while lying down is used in the lectus tricliniaris dining room, It might even use the same furniture for both functions. Both types can be used interchangeably even in richer households, and it is not always easy to distinguish between sleeping and dining furniture. The most common Roman bed type is rectangular open square rectangle, with the fourth side (long) the bed is open for access. While some beds are framed with boards, others have a sloping structure at the end, called fulcra , to better accommodate the pillow. The fulcra of elaborate eating sofas often has a luxurious decorative decoration featuring ivory, bronze, copper, gold or silver.
The bench, or subsellium , is a long bench for two or more users. The benches are considered "humble seating", and are used in farmers' homes, farms, and bath houses. However, they are also found in the lecture hall, in the front room of the temple, and function as senator and judge seats. Roman stools, like their Greek precedents, are practical for large group seating people and common in theaters, amphitheaters, odeons and auctions. The scamnum , associated with subsellium but smaller, is used both as a bench and footstool.
Table
Types of Roman tables include abacus and mensa , which are distinguished from each other in the Latin text. The term abacus may be used for utilitarian tables, such as for making shoes or kneading dough, as well as high status tables, such as sidebars for silver views. A table, a low three feet, is considered to represent mensa delphica , often depicted in addition to lying banqueters in Roman paintings. This table has a round table supported by three legs configured like a tripod. Some of these wooden tables are found from Herculaneum.
Remainings
The most important source for wooden furnishings in the Roman period is the collection of carbonized furniture from Herculaneum. While the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 C.E is devastating this region, the hot liquid lava swallowing the town of Herculaneum ultimately preserves wood furniture, shelves, doors and shutters in carbon. However, their preservation is threatened, as some of the pieces remain in situ in their homes and shops, encased in unprotected glass or fully open and accessible. After excavation, much of the furniture is preserved with paraffin wax mixed with carbon powder, which coats the wood and obscures important details such as decoration and carpentry workshops. It is now impossible to remove the wax coating without damaging the furniture further. Some pieces of wood are found with bones and metal fixtures.
Shelves and wooden shelves are funds in shops and kitchens on Vesuvian's site, and one house has an elaborate wooden room divider.
Note
References
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