Birthmarks are benign or congenital irregularities of the skin that are present at birth or appear immediately after birth, usually in the first month. They can occur anywhere on the skin. Birthmarks are caused by excess growth of blood vessels, melanocytes, smooth muscle, fat, fibroblasts, or keratinocytes.
Dermatologists divide birthmarks into two types. Pigmentary birthmarks caused by excessive skin pigment cells include moles, cafà © Å © au lait spots, and Mongolian spots. Vascular birthmarks, also called red birthmarks, are caused by increased blood vessels and include macular stains (patch salmon), hemangiomas, and Port-wine stains. A little more than 1 in 10 babies have vascular birthmarks that exist at age 1. Some types of birthmarks are part of a group of skin lesions known as nevi or naevi, meaning "birthmarks" in Latin.
The exact cause of most birthmarks is unknown, but they are thought to occur as a result of local imbalances in factors that control the development and migration of skin cells. In addition, it is known that vascular birthmarks are not hereditary.
Video Birthmark
Tipe berpigmen
Mole
Congenital melanocytic naevus is a melanocytic naevus, the medical term for what is daily called "mole", which is found in infants at birth. Occurs in about 1% of infants in the United States, located in the head and neck area 15% of the time, but can occur anywhere on the body. It may look like light brown in white people, almost black in people with darker skin. Coming in a variety of sizes and appearances, they may be irregular in shape and flat, or raised and thick in appearance and nuance. Such nevis can also manifest themselves as a sign of beauty, which most often appears on the face, neck or arm.
CafÃÆ'Â © au lait spot
Cafà ©  © au lait spot macules can occur anywhere on the body. They are most often oval and light brown, or milk, colored coffee. These birthmarks may be present at birth, or appear in childhood, and do not fade much with age. One or two in an individual is common; However, four or more may be an indicator of neurofibromatosis. In terms of weight, birthmarks can stretch with the skin and become larger.
Mongolia place
Mongolian blue spots (dermal melanocytosis) are benign flat birthmarks with bumpy borders and irregular shapes, most common among East Asians and Turks (excluding Turks in Asia Minor), and named after people Mongolia. This is also very prevalent among East Africans and Native Americans. It usually disappears three to five years after birth and almost always at puberty. The most common colors are blue, although they can be blue-gray, blue-black or even dark brown.
The Mongolian point is a congenital developmental condition that exclusively involves the skin. The blue color is caused by melanocytes, the cells that contain melanin, which lies deep under the skin. Usually, as some point or one large patch, it includes one or more of the lumbosacral (lower back), buttocks, sides, and shoulders. This results from melanocyte traps in the dermis during their migration from neural crystals to the epidermis during embryonic development.
Among those who are not aware of the Mongolian background, it may sometimes be mistaken for child abuse.
Maps Birthmark
Vascular type
Stork bites
Everyday language is called "stork bite", "angel's kiss" or "salmon patch", telangiectatic nevus appears as pink or brown, flat, irregular on the knees, behind the neck, and/or forehead, eyelids and, sometimes, upper lip. The skin is not thickened and feels no different from other places in the body; the only difference is appearance. Almost half of all babies have such birthmarks.
Strawberry sign
"Infant Hemangioma", colloquially called the sign of strawberries, is a benign tumor that does not converge (swelling or growth) of endothelial cells, the cells lining the blood vessels. It usually appears during the first weeks of life and ends at age 10. This is the most common tumor in infancy.
PHACES Syndrome, a rare condition that often involves the brain, heart, and arterial abnormalities, is generally accompanied by the presence of large facial hemangiomas. In such cases, what appears to be small bruises or birthmarks may grow rapidly and appear on a swollen appearance in the first days or weeks of life.
Port-wine stains
Grape stains, also known as nevus flammeus and sometimes mistaken for signs of strawberries, are present at birth and range from pale pink to deep red wine. Irregular in appearance, they are usually quite large, and are caused by a deficiency or absence of nerve supply to the blood vessels. This causes vasodilation, dilation of blood vessels, causing blood to pool or gather in the affected area. Over time, port wine stains can become thick or develop small bulges or bumps, and do not fade with age. Such birthmarks may have an emotional or social impact. Port-wine stains occur in 0.3% of the population, the same between men and women. They often reveal unilaterally, that is, on one side only, not across the midline of the body. Often on the face, the mark on the upper eyelid or forehead may be an indication of a condition called Sturge-Weber syndrome. In addition, port wine stains at this location can be attributed to glaucoma and seizures.
Treatment
Most birthmarks are harmless and require no treatment. Pigmented marks can disappear by itself over time in some cases. Vascular birthmarks may require a reduction or disappearance for cosmetic reasons. Treatments include oral or injectable steroids, dermatological lasers to reduce size and/or color, or dermatology surgery.
Folklore
Birthmarks are called voglie in Italian, and wiham in Arabic; both translate to "desire" because, according to folklore, they are caused by the desire of a dissatisfied mother during pregnancy. For example, if a pregnant woman does not satisfy a sudden desire or desire for strawberries, it is said that the baby may have a strawberry sign.
In the Netherlands, the birthmark is called moedervlekken , in Danish modermÃÆ'Â|rke and in German Muttermal , all means "mother-spots" because it is considered that a baby inherits signs only from the mother. The Hungarian word for every flat mole, compared to only the innate birthmark, anyajegy , also comes from this belief.
Some of the myths associated with birthmarks are that they are caused when a pregnant woman sees something strange, or experiences a lot of fear, sometimes called the impression of motherhood.
In Iranian folklore, birthmarks appear when pregnant women touch their body parts during a solar eclipse.
In Ethiopian Orthodox Christian folklore, birthmarks are considered "virgin Santa's kisses".
According to modern American folklore in the New Age community, birthmarks sometimes indicate the location of traumatic injuries in previous lives.
References
External links
- Birthmark via Cleveland Clinic
- Vascular Birthmarks Foundation
- Birthmark via MedlinePlus
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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