Construction Frame and panel , also called rails and stiles , is a commonly used carpentry technique for door making, wainscoting, and other decorative features for cabinets, furniture, and homes. The basic idea is to capture a 'floating' panel in a sturdy frame, as opposed to the technique used in making solid wood slab door cabinets or front drawers, doors constructed from multiple pieces of solid wood running in a vertical or horizontal direction with endgrain exposed. Typically, the panels are not attached to the frame but left to 'float' in them so that the wooden seasonal movement consisting of panels does not distort the frame.
The most basic frame and panel construction consists of five members: a panel and four members that make up the frame. The vertical members of the frame are called stiles while horizontal members are known as rails . The base frame and panel items consist of top rails, bottom rails, two stiles, and panels. This is a common method of building cabinet doors and this is often referred to as a five-door door .
In larger panels it is common to divide the panel into one or more sections. To place additional panels, divide the pieces known as mid rails and mid stiles or muntins added to the frame.
Video Frame and panel
Panel
Panels are captured in a groove made on the inside edge of the frame member or placed on the rabbet edge created on the back of the inner edge. The panel is made slightly smaller than the space available in the frame to provide space. The wood will expand and contract on the grain, and the wide panel made of solid wood can turn a half inch wide, bending the door frame. By letting the wood panel drift, it can expand and contract without damaging the door. A typical panel will be cut to allow 1/4 "(5 mm) between itself and the bottom of the grooves in the frame It is common to place a kind of elastic material in the groove between the edge of the panel and the frame before assembly.This item centralizes the panels within the frame and absorbing seasonal movements.The popular item for this purpose is a small rubber ball, known as spaceball (a trademarked product). Some cabinet makers will also use small pieces of cork to allow movement. The panel is usually a flat or increased .
The flat panel has a flat-faced face with the front of the groove in the frame. This provides an inset view on the panel. This panel style is generally made from man-made materials such as MDF or plywood but can also be made of solid wood or tongue and groove boards. Panels made of MDF will be painted to hide their appearance, but the hard-veneer plywood panels will be dyed and finished to match the solid wood rail and stiles.
The raised panel has a cut profile to the edge so that the panel surface is flat or proud with the frame. Some popular profiles are ogee , gutters , and spoons or the bay . Panels can be raised by a number of methods - the two most common in modern cabinets are by gluing on tablespoons or the use of boost panel boosters in a wooden router or spindle moulder.
Maps Frame and panel
Frame
Frames can be built with several methods: overcoming and sticking, mortise and tenon, bridle connections, or simple butt connections. Cope and stick is the most common method, because it is more efficient to produce. The dead and the thorns are the strongest, and are often used for large doors that will have greater pressure. Brackets are commonly used in less formal jobs, since open endgrains are considered unattractive; while the buttocks, which are weak, are only used on very small assemblies.
Stiles and rails often have profiles cut off to the inside edge of the outer face - usually smaller versions to match panel profiles. In some styles panels, profiles can also be cut on the outer edge of the outer face.
In modern cabinets, handles and stick connections are achieved with a set of dedicated router cutters. It cuts the profile at the edge of the frame section and also cuts the reverse version of the same profile at the end of the rails so they can slip on the ends of the stiles and stick in place. If done correctly, the barriers that cut at the end of the rails will match the attached profile. When attached, the resulting connection will have sufficient strength for most cabinet door applications without further reinforcement. For very large and heavy doors, grip and stick joints can be further strengthened with a pen, loose peg, or by other methods.
For other methods of frame construction, the inner profile is made either with mitred attached or with the applied mold.
In mitred sticking, the profile (known as sticking) is applied to the edges of both rails and stiles and then the sections attached at each end of the stile are removed leaving the edged edges parallel to the same cutting edge pieces that are attached to each rail. This traditional method is more time-consuming to complete, resulting in the popularity of overcoming and sticking to manufactured goods.
When applied molding will be used, the molding is applied to the inner edges of the outer face of the frame after the frame and panel have been assembled.
Assembly Process
The process of making the panel door raised begins by attaching the panel, and then moves to the cut and prepares the frame parts. Next, the panels are cut to size and shaped. Parts and panels sanded before construction. It's also common to apply a finish on the panel before assembly so that the raw wood is not visible if the panel shrinks. The joints are glued together and arranged into clamps. If the frame and item panels are paint classes they are sometimes nailed in the frame joints on the back side. The door then moves to finish the sanding where it is brought to its final thickness, and an outer profile is added if needed.
See also
- Cabinet creation
- Cabinet (furniture)
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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