Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis

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Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE) is a dog disease characterized by sudden vomiting and bloody diarrhea. The symptoms are usually severe, and HGE can be fatal if left untreated. HGE is most common in young adult dogs of any type, but especially small dogs such as Toy Poodle and Miniature Schnauzer. It is not contagious.

Video Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis

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The cause is uncertain. Suspected causes include abnormal responses to bacteria or bacterial endotoxin, or food hypersensitivity. Pathologically there is increased permeability of the intestinal lining and leakage of blood and protein into the intestine. Clostridium perfringens has been found in large quantities in the intestines of many affected dogs.

Maps Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis

Clinical signs

Vomiting vomiting is usually the first symptom, followed by depression and bloody diarrhea with a foul odor. Severe hypovolemia (low blood volume) is one of the hallmarks of the disease, and severe hemoconcentration (concentrated blood) is considered necessary for diagnosis. The development of HGE is so rapid that hypovolemic shock and death can occur within 24 hours. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a possible sequela of HGE.

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Diagnosis

Clinical signs of HGE and canine parvovirus (CPV) are quite similar so they need to be differentiated. It may or may not be detected by high or low white blood cell counts, and there may be low hematocrit. A fecal negative parvovirus test is sometimes necessary to get rid of CPV completely. Other potential causes of vomiting and diarrhea, white foam from the mouth include gastrointestinal parasites, bacterial infections including E. coli , Campylobacter , or Salmonella , protozoal infections such as coccidiosis or giardiasis, and gastrointestinal cancers.

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Treatment

The most important aspect of HGE treatment is intravenous fluid therapy to replace the volume of fluid lost. Vomiting and diarrhea are treated symptomatically and usually disappear after one to two days. Antibiotics targeting C. perfringens are also used. With rapid and aggressive treatment, the prognosis is good. There is less than 10 percent of deaths with treatment, but 10 to 15 percent of cases will recur.

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See also

• gastroenteritis

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References

Source of the article : Wikipedia