Ridiculous Putty is a toy based on silicon polymers that have unusual physical properties. It bounces, but breaks when given a sharp blow, and it can also flow like a liquid. It contains viscoelastic liquid silicon, a non-Newtonian liquid, which makes it act as a viscous liquid for a long time but as an elastic solid over a short period of time. Originally created during the research into a potential rubber substitute for use by the United States in World War II.
The name Silly Putty is a trademark of Crayola LLC; factory company based in Easton, Pennsylvania. Another name is used to market similar substances from other manufacturers.
Video Silly Putty
Description
As a bouncing putty, Silly Putty is best known for her unusual characteristics: it bounces but breaks out when given a sharp blow; it can also float in the liquid and will form a pool of water given enough time. Ridiculous Putty and most other retail putty products have viscoelastic agents added to reduce flow and allow putty to maintain its shape.
The Silly Putty original coral-shaped consists of dimethylsiloxane 65% (polymer ending hydroxy with boric acid), 17% silica (quartz crystals), 9% Thixatrol ST (castor oil derivative), 4% polydimethylsiloxane, 1% decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane, 1% glycerine, and 1% titanium dioxide.
Unusual silly flow characteristics are due to the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material, a viscoelastic substance. Viscoelasticity is a non-Newtonian type of flow, characterizing a material that acts as a viscous fluid over a long period of time but as an elastic solid over a short period of time. Since its apparent viscosity increases directly with regard to the amount of force applied, Silly Putty can be characterized as a fluid dilatant.
Ridiculous Putty is also a pretty good adhesive. When the petroleum-based paper ink, Silly Putty can be used to transfer newspaper pictures to another surface, providing entertainment by distorting the image transferred afterwards. New papers with soy-based inks are more resistant to this process.
Generally, Ridiculous Dempul is hard to remove from textured objects such as hair and clothing. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are often helpful. Ridiculous Putty will dissolve when in contact with alcohol; after the alcohol evaporates, the material will not show its true nature. The creator, Crayola, suggests WD-40.
If Silly Putty is submerged in warm or hot water, it will become softer and thus "melt" faster. It also becomes more difficult to remove small amounts of the surface. After a long period of time, it will return to its original viscosity.
Sempol Putty is sold as a 13-g clay piece (0.46 Â ° oz) inside an egg-shaped plastic container. The Ridicule Brand Dempul is owned by Crayola LLC (formerly Binney & Smith). In July 2009, twenty thousand eggs from Rotten Dempul were sold every day. Since 1950, more than 300 million Silly Putty eggs (about 4,500 tons or 4,100 tons) have been sold. It is available in a variety of colors, including glow-in-the-dark and metallic. Other brands offer similar materials, sometimes in larger sized containers, and in different colors the same or with different properties, such as magnets and color games.
Maps Silly Putty
History
During World War II, Japan invaded rubber-producing countries as it expanded its sphere of influence in the Pacific Rim. Rubber is essential for the production of rafts, tires, vehicles and aircraft parts, gas masks, and boots. In the US, all rubber products are rationed; citizens are encouraged to make their rubber products last until the end of the war and donate tires, shoes and spare coats. Meanwhile, the government is funding research into synthetic rubber compounds to try to solve this deficiency.
The credit for the discovery of Konyol Putty is disputed and has been attributed to various kinds to Earl Warrick of the newly formed Dow Corning; Harvey Chin; and James Wright, the Scottish-born inventor who works for General Electric in New Haven, Connecticut. Throughout his life, Warrick insisted that he and his partner, Rob Roy McGregor, receive a patent for Silly Putty before Wright did it; but Crayola's history of Silly Putty states that Wright first discovered it in 1943. Both researchers independently found that reacting boric acid with silicone oil would produce a sticky and inflated material with some unique properties. Non-toxic putty will bounce when dropped, can stretch farther than ordinary rubber, will not be moldy, and has a very high melting temperature. However, it does not have all the properties needed to replace the rubber.
In 1949, the owner of Ruth Fallgatter toy shop found a putty. He contacted marketing consultant Peter C.L. Hodgson (1912-1976). Both decided to market the bounce putty by selling it in a clear case. Although sold well, Fallgatter did not pursue it any further. However, Hodgson sees his potential.
Already $ 12,000 in debt, Hodgson borrowed US $ 147 to buy a putty batch to package a 1oz (28g) portion into a plastic egg for US $ 1, calling it Konyol Putty. Initially, sales were bad, but after the New Yorker article mentioned it, Hodgson sold over 250,000 stupid putty eggs in three days. However, Hodgson was almost excommunicated from business in 1951 by the Korean War. Silicon, the main ingredient in silly dice, given rations, ruined his business. A year later, restrictions on silicon were removed and the production of Silly Putty continued. Initially, it is primarily targeted for adults. However, in 1955, the majority of its customers were aged 6 to 12. In 1957, Hodgson produced the first television commercial for Silly Putty, which aired during the Howdy Doody Show.
In 1961, Silly Putty went around the world, becoming a hit in the Soviet Union and Europe. In 1968, he was taken to the moon's orbit by Apollo 8 astronauts.
Peter Hodgson died in 1976. A year later, Binney & amp; Smith, the creator of Crayola's product, obtained the rights to Silly Putty. In 2005, annual sales of Gross Sales exceeded six million eggs.
Ridiculous Putty was inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame on May 28, 2001.
Other uses
In addition to its success as a toy, other uses for putty have been found. At home, it can be used to remove substances such as dirt, fibers, pet dander, or ink from various surfaces. The unique properties of the material have found the use of a niche in medical and scientific applications. The physical therapist uses it for hand injury rehabilitation therapy. A number of other brands (such as Power Putty and TheraPutty ) change material properties, offering different levels of resistance. This material is also used as a tool to help reduce stress, and exists in various viscosities based on user preferences.
Due to its adhesive characteristics, it is used by Apollo astronauts to secure their equipment in zero gravity. Hunters scale building model using putty as a medium masking when spray painting model assemblies. The Steward Observatory uses Silly-Putty-backed shoulders to grind the astronomical telescope's mirror.
Researchers from Trinity College Dublin's School of Physics (Center for Research on Nanostructures Adaptive and Nanodevices (CRANN) and Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Research Centers) have found a mixture of nano graphene composites and Silly Putty behaving as highly sensitive pressure sensors, claiming the ability to measure the footprint of spiders crawling on it.
See also
- Flubber (material)
- Slime (toys)
References
External links
- "Ridiculous Putty". Crayola . Retrieved February 22 2018 .
- Silly Putty Recipe
- Oral History Center. "Earl L. Warrick". Science History Institute .
- Bohning, James J. (January 16, 1986). Earl L. Warrick, Transcript of an Interview Conducted by James J. Bohning in Midland, Michigan on January 16, 1986 (PDF) . Philadelphia, PA: Beckman Center for Chemistry History.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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