The State Dining Room is larger than two dining rooms on the State Floor of the White House Executive Residence, home of the President of the United States in Washington, DC Used for receptions, lunches, more formal dinners large, and a country dinner to visit the head of state on a state visit. The seat space is 140 and measures about 48 to 36 feet (15 times 11 m).
Originally an office space, the State Dining Room received its name during James Monroe's presidency, at that time it was first widely completed. The room was refurbished during several administrations in the early to mid 1800s, and gasified in 1853. The door was cut through the west wall in 1877. The State Dining Room underwent a major expansion and renovation in 1902, transforming it from the Victorian dining room into a baronial dining hall "baronial "at the beginning of the 19th century - complete with stuffed animal heads on walls and dark oak paneling. The room remained in this form until the complete reconstruction of the White House in 1952.
The rebuilding of the White House in 1952 retained most of the renovations of 1902, although much of the "baronial" furniture was removed and the walls painted celadon green. Another great restoration from 1961 to 1963 transformed the room further, more closely to the Empire style rooms with elements from other periods. Additional changes to the room were done throughout the 1970s and 1980s, with massive renovations of furniture in 1998 and 2015.
Video State Dining Room of the White House
Initial history
Adams Administration
The northern third of what is now the State Dining Room was originally the western part of the Crucifixion Room. Two flights of stairs (one against the north wall, one against the south wall) leads from the Floor of the Country to the Second Floor. A ladder, a single center then leads to the Third Floor (then the attic). Unfinished when the White House was occupied in 1800, the Grand Stairs was probably finished by architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe in 1803 or shortly thereafter. To the south of the Grand Stair is a small room, designated by Hoban for use as a Cabinet Room or Presidential Library.
President John Adams was the first president to occupy the White House. The White House is too big for their needs, and they have little furniture to make it a home. The State Dining Room is temporarily partitioned to make it usable. The southwest corner becomes the "embankment space", where the public can meet and mingle with the president, while the northwest corner becomes the dining room.
Jefferson Office
President Thomas Jefferson used the southwest corner of the State Dining Room as his main office from 1801 to 1809. The room was rarely furnished today, with only tables and chairs. He also kept his garden tools and various potted plants in the room. The floor was covered with canvas, painted green. In time, charts, maps, and globes; six sets of small mahogany racks; three long mahogany tables with green cloth tops; two mahogany chairs; two mahogany armshairs; a tall bookcase; a small set of mahogany steps (to reach the top of the bookshelf); and desk, letterpress printer, and sofa. For seating, Jefferson moved 12 gold-gold mahogany seats (purchased during Adams administration) from the dining room to the office.
Transformation to the Country Dining Room
Jefferson's successor, James Madison, wanted the room to be a dining room. First Lady Dolley Madison worked with Jefferson architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe to make some structural changes to the State Dining Room, which mainly meant closing two windows on the west wall.
A large dining table, which can accommodate at least 40, is placed indoors, surrounded by simple chairs driven in a hurry. A silver and blue-gold porcelain service purchased from the Lowestoft Porcelain Factory in England is used for feeding, and a simple surtout de (or "plateau") table is used as a center. In addition to the dining table, the biggest furniture in the room was a large sideboard. The windows were not working, and the walls were covered with paper. The paintings of George Washington, John Adams, and Thomas Jefferson hung on the wall. The image of Washington is a copy of the Lansdowne portrait, the first life-sized figure of the first President painted by Gilbert Stuart in 1796. The canvas floor was removed, and the carpet interned (expensive textiles, flat cloth) was installed. Otherwise, the room is only equipped with little.
Reconstruction of the Country Dining Room
The White House was burned on August 24, 1814, by the British Army during the War of 1812. The Landsdowne record was saved from destruction by doorman Jean Pierre Sioussat and White House gardener Tom Magraw, who cut him off the intricate and soulful frame. away from the White House just minutes before British troops arrived.
The White House was rebuilt in 1817, after which the Presidential Cabinet/Library Room was called the State Dining Room. The reconstruction added a large chimney to the fireplace on the west wall of the room.
The State Dining Room is widely equipped at this time. President James Monroe, rather than First Lady Elizabeth Monroe (who is in fragile physical health), is primarily responsible for making decorative decisions for the White House. Monroe decided to have a wall of the State Dining Room covered with green silk. Two Italian Carrara marble mantels, featuring Neoclassical caryatids on either side, were also purchased by Monroe and mounted on two fireplaces in this room.
One of Monroe's most important purchases is some decorative ormolu (or bronze dorà ©  © ) to complement the State Dining Room. The surtout de table , created by DeniÃÆ'¨re et Matelin in France, is 14 feet (4.3 m) long when fully extended. The piece has seven parts, each 24 inches (61 cm) long, which can be removed or inserted as needed to adjust its length. It has a mirrored floor, and bouquets of flowers and flowers form a rim. Seventeen bacchantes (the personification of the waitresses of Bacchus, the ancient Roman god of wine) stands over the balls, their outstretched hands holding candles, can be inserted into small rectangular poles at points spaced equally around center. Despite the general surtout de table in the elegant English and French dining room, some Americans have seen them and the pieces are very impressive to those who see them. Other ormolu items include three bases for a crystal vase (one large, two small), consisting of Three Graces holding a basket; three porcelain vases in Etruscan style and decorated with flower decoration; and a pair of pedestal pedestals, or trepieds , consisting of sphinxes sitting on slender legs, their raised wings supporting shallow bowls.
Monroe also ordered the first White House dinnerware and dinner. This includes 72 silver settings, which include an unknown number of dishes, dishes, tureens, dish scraps, and other items. It was produced by Jacques Henri Fauconnier from Paris. Thirty-six vermeil tablecloths (silver gold), produced by J. B. Boitin from Paris, were also purchased. A 30-set porcelain porcelain-gold service was also purchased, although the design and manufacturer were unknown because no pieces survived. Some items of the 166-piece, 30-set dishwasher, manufactured by Dagoty et Honorà ©  © in Paris, have survived. The dessert plate for this white spinach porcelain service has a Napoleonic eagle in its center. Five sketches, representing agriculture, power, commerce, science, and art, are organized into a vast red circle.
Changes in the early to mid 1800s
President Andrew Jackson had a wallpapered dining room some time after 1829. The paper was purchased from Louis VÃÆ'Â © ron born in France, a Philadelphia furniture supplier. This material, which is blue, green, yellow, and white and with scattering gold stars and gold borders, is used in most of the rooms on the State Floor. Some time during 1833 and 1834, Veron provided a mirror as well, and a carpet from Belgium and a new mahogany dining room chair from Alexandria, Virginia, cabinet maker James Green also helped refurbish the room. An 1829, 18-lamp chandelier (driven by whale oil and the unknown) was transferred from the East Room to the State Dining Room in 1834 to provide light.
The crowd at the White House during the Jackson administration left the mansion in slums. President Martin Van Buren bought a new table, 30 feet (9.1 m) tall for the State Dining Room, and reassembled the chairs in blue satin. Blue and yellow curtains and carpets complete the chairs. At some point, the mantle over the fireplace had been replaced with a new one of black marble, and three chandeliers now lit the room.
Although little maintenance was made to the White House during the reign of William Henry Harrison and John Tyler due to the national depression, President James K. Polk rearranged the State Dining Room in the summer of 1845. A new purple and gold curtain was hung in the room, and 42 balloon side chairs with rosewood back with leg cabriole and heart-shaped emblem bought. They are covered in purple velvet and manufactured by New York City furniture maker Charles Baudouine. The carpet was probably replaced with one of the Turkish ones.
President Franklin Pierce completely renewed the room in 1853. Hanging lamps converted into natural gas, wood molds and dad rails were replaced, the room was repacked and repainted, and new carpet and curtains were provided. L. R. Menger & amp; Co of New York provides wall hangings for window decoration, and a new gold frame for the mirror in the room. It is possible that Anthony and Henry Jenkins, furniture makers from Baltimore, made four side tables of walnuts for Pierce, and these were then used in the State Dining Room.
A large greenhouse was added to the west side of the White House by President Pierce in 1857, replacing one on the east side that had been torn down that year to pave the way for the expansion of the Financial Building.
Although First Lady Mary Todd Lincoln renewed most of the room at the White House in 1861, there is little evidence to show that she did much for the State Dining Room. However, the room was used by Francis Bicknell Carpenter as an artist's workshop as he painted the First Reading of the President's Emancipation Proclamation of Lincoln from February to July 1864. In 1867, four walnut console tables were placed against the dining room wall.
Changes in the mid to late 1800s
The western greenhouse burned in 1867, and in 1869 President Ulysses S. Grant built a bigger and taller greenhouse in its place. Grant also rebuilt the current Grand Stair, so that only one staircase on the north wall leads to the Second Floor. (A second staircase on the south wall of the Second Floor towards the Third Floor.) Then the president expanded the greenhouse even further, and after being converted into a palm field in 1877 by President Rutherford B. Hayes new doors were cut through the stone. from the walls of the mansion to provide access between the Palm Court and the State Dining Room.
Small furniture changes were also made in the last quarter of the 1800s. In 1880, First Lady Lucy Webb Hayes installed new carpet and lace curtains in the State Dining Room. He also bought two Victoria candlesticks for $ 125 each ($ 3,170 in dollars 2017) from Tiffany & amp; Co.. The three-story items, featuring bouquets and heads of satyrs and children lying on the base, may be made in Europe (their manufacturer is unknown) and have been in the room ever since.
In 1882, President Chester A. Arthur was contracted with Tiffany & amp; Co. to redecorate the State Dining Room. Most of the work involved painting and reging, and it is at this point that Monroe surtout du table is stretched. The large rejuvenation of the State Dining Room occurred again around 1884, which received new carpets, curtains, curtains, and paint walls and ceilings. The paint scheme is brownish yellow, and features stencil decorations as high as 5 feet in various colors of yellow and gold.
The room was electrified in 1891, including the installation of bronze wall sconces. In 1901, a 40-seat dining room was moved from the Family Dining Room to the State Dining Room.
Maps State Dining Room of the White House
1902 Roosevelt Renovation
The White House was renovated extensively in 1902 after the West Wing was completed, allowing a number of government offices to vacate the Executive Residence. President Theodore Roosevelt selected New York City architectural firm from McKim, Mead & amp; White to oversee renovation and redecoration. The Grand Stair was demolished and a new Grand Staircase was built east of the Front Hall. The State Dining Room expanded north into the space that was once occupied by the Grand Stair. The small fireplace on the east and west walls of the State Dining Room was removed, and the north door that led west to the Palm Court was sealed. (The other door to the Palm Court, beneath the former Grand Stairs, is also sealed.) Where the old Palm Court doors are there, a huge new stone fireplace and large fireplace (the famous "Buffalo mantle" is added, to match the size and splendor of space enlarged, McKim, Mead & White apply a decorative style to a room similar to that of the English nobility.The mixed style has been described as an early Elizabethan with elements of the Italian Renaissance, Beaux-Arts, early 19th century Georgia, late Victorian, and "baronial." The Herter Brothers of New York City designed and installed new plaster of ceilings and cornices, white ceilings, while the corners were painted in fine gray, beneath the cornices, a carefully carved ornament display Roosevelt's desistre) The head of the headed animal The dark English oak panel carved in Renaissance Renaissance style, with Corinthian pilasters, was also made and installed by Herter Brother s. A pedestal of white marble ran around the room, and a new oak floor was installed.
The provision of the White House (including the State Dining Room) was overseen by First Lady Edith Roosevelt, and was done by Charles Follen McKim. The creation of a "baronial" hall display includes hanging rugs and 11 stuffed animal heads on the walls and cooking racks above the fireplace. The Monroe mantels were moved to the Green Room and Red Room to make way for the "Buffalo mantle".
To complete the room, Stanford White designed the armchairs of William and Mary oak with the back pockets and the Queen Anne mahogany side chairs. The chairs were then produced by A. H. Davenport and Company of Boston. Based on the furniture in his own home, he also designed two small tables and one large mahogany table with marble tops and carved wooden eagle poles. All of these furniture are manufactured by A. H. Davenport and Company of Boston. The large, heavy chiavari chairs were also used in the room.
A silver lined chandelier and eight, silver plated, six-pronged sconces designed by McKim and manufactured and installed by Edward F. Caldwell & amp; Co Chandelier is a unique design, because it does not contain glass or crystal. Instead, it consists of individual candelabras, each supported by a curved piping (gooseneck). Each gooseneck is attached to the central body, and the entire pendant lamp is suspended from the ceiling by the chain. The hanging light proved to be 6 inches (15 cm) too wide, and had to be lowered and changed. What other furniture needed is taken from pre-1902 items in the room.
Limited changes made to the State Dining Room after Roosevelt renovation. First Lady Ellen Axson Wilson had a head imposed appointment in March 1913, shortly after occupying the White House. Ellen Wilson died in August 1914. President Woodrow Wilson later married Edith Bolling Galt in December 1915. Ny. Wilson disliked two square tables in the State Dining Room, and asked them to be moved to buy a round table (which could hold 14 to 16 people) that he found in the White House kitchen. Mrs Wilson also replaced curtains and reassembled chairs.
1952 Truman Reconstruction
The room remained largely unchanged until 1952. One of the few changes made was the addition of the painting, Abraham Lincoln by George P.A. Healy, hung above the fireplace by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1937. Oil painting on the 1869 canvas by George Peter Alexander Healy describes Abraham Lincoln sitting, and attentive, and has remained above the State Dining Hall ever since. Roosevelt also added writing to "Buffalo's mantle". The inscription was taken from a letter by John Adams to his wife Abigail, who wrote the second night he stayed at the White House: "I pray Heaven to give the best of the blessings in this House, and all who will inhabit it later. honest and wise men once ruled under this roof. "
The systemic failure of the internal log structure requires reconstruction during the administration of Harry S. Truman. The building was dismantled and an internal steel superstructure built inside a sandstone wall. While providing much-needed repairs, many of the original interior materials were damaged or not re-installed. State Dining Room, more than any room, most of the walls and ceilings are replaced.
During the White House reconstruction of 1948 to 1952, the State Dining Room has been completely redecorated. The "Buffalo Mantel" was replaced with a simple neo-Georgian fireplace of dark green marble. The upscale New York City department store, B. Altman and Company, was selected as the premier interior design consultant and supplier for decoration and furnishings. Charles T. Haight, director of the Altman design department, chose a new fabric for the carpets and chairs in the room. "Buffalo Mantel" was given to President Truman (who installed it in his presidential library). The oak panel, heavily damaged during its removal, was re-installed and was given a bright green celadon layer to hide its flaws. (Some of the decorations have to be rearranged where the sands are sanded to accommodate the head of stuffed animals.) King George VI of Great Britain donated a mirror and a 17th century paint frame carved and gilded, and a pair of 1770 bronze and blue candles were designed and produced by the famous metalsmith, Matthew Boulton. Edith Wilson's dining table was removed, and replaced with a George Hepplewhite mahogany dining table.
Kennedy Renovation
First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy works with American antiquities Henry Francis du Pont and French interior designer StÃÆ'Â © phane Boudin on the restoration of the State Dining Room. Du Pont and Boudin both recommend that changes should emphasize McKim's previous work. Most of Boudin's suggestions for the room reflect the changes he made to the dining room at Leeds Castle in Kent, England.
At Boudin's recommendation, the panel was repainted with white bones and silver-lined silver chandeliers and a wall-mounted sconce to match the Monroe surtout du table era. The pilon-mounted sconces were reassembled on the side panel on the advice of Henry Francis du Pont, who headed the Fine Arts Committee for the White House. Boudin and du Pont agreed that the 1952 coat should be replaced. Boudin designed a replacement closet, but du Pont wanted the original Buffalo Buffalo in 1902 and asked Truman's Presidential Library to return it. The library is down, so the reproduction of "Buffalo mantle" is made and installed. This coat is made of white marble (not a rough gray stone) to adjust the new color scheme of the room.
At Boudin's suggestion, mahogany sides and McKim console tables were painted to mimic white marble with gold veins, and supportive eagles and plated bowknots. The new color scheme for the pieces was meant to get them fused with the panel. The new carpet, a copy of a Boudin designed for Leeds Castle, was woven by Stark Carpet Co. from New York City and installed. The portrait of "Healy Lincoln" was restored, reversing the glaring damage. Chippendale reproduction chairs were removed and replaced by Chiavari chairs by McKim, Mead & amp; White.
The gold damask curtain that was installed during the Truman administration was maintained until 1967, when the new curtains were straight and the valances of the scratched windows were installed. This window treatment has been designed by Boudin in 1963, based on works at Leeds Castle. The fabrics were supplied by Maison Jansen, Boudin's company.
A Chinese coromandel screen was set up in the State Dining Room in 1961. This screen was borrowed from Anne McQuarrie Hatch, wife of Lorenzo Boyd Hatch (co-founder of Atlas Corporation). It was then donated to the White House, and eventually moved to the Second Floor. Monroe Administration surtout de table , long absence from room, taken from storage and placed on the table. New vermeil baskets are purchased and used for flower arrangements in other rounds, while the usual tulip-shaped crystal glasses are purchased from Morgantown Glass Glass from West Virginia to add to the existing porcelain services.
The way the State Dining Room is organized for events is also fundamentally changed by Kennedys. All previous administrations have set the table in an E-shaped or horseshoe setting. The Kennedys turned this into a round, which made for a more socializing and relaxing protocol. Occasionally, a table is also set up in the adjacent Blue Room. Johnson, Nixon, Reagan, and Johnson, Johnson, Nixon, Reagan, and Johnson. George HW Remodeling Bush
In 1967, Lady Bird Johnson oversaw the installation of new curtains, based on a design created by Stephane Boudin shortly before the assassination of President Kennedy, as well as a re-plating of 1902 seats. First Lady Pat Nixon worked with the White House curator Clement Conger to refresh the room in 1971. She had a white antique painted room in 1971 after Kennedy's paint proved too bright, and she replaced the Kennedy era carpet with one of India's manufactures.
In 1973, a man and woman broke away from the White House general tour and splashed six bottles of blood on the walls and some furniture in the State Dining Room. The couple said they were protesting the status of oppressed people everywhere.
First Lady Nancy Reagan hung a new gold silk curtain designed by interior designer Ted Graber. He originally had a white antique painted room in 1981, but in 1985, the room was painted white with lots of glasures.
During the George W. Bush presidency, the defunct State Dining Room floor in 1952 was removed. A new floor made of white oak, produced by Kentucky WoodFloors, is mounted by Mountain State Floors (a West Virginia company) in herringbone pattern.
Clinton's Renovation
In the early 1990s, more than 50,000 people per year were entertained in the State Dining Room. The heavy usage leaves the room shabby and requires significant improvements and conservation.
In December 1998, First Lady Hillary Clinton introduced the renovated State Dining Room. He was advised by the interior designer Kaki Hockersmith (an old friend of the Clintons), interior designer Mark Hampton from New York City (who has worked in the White House for President George HW Bush and First Lady Barbara Bush), and the Committee for the Conservation of the White House. The walls of the room are painted in light stone colors, with architectural detail highlighted. The console table was stripped of paint that mimicked white marble with gold veins, and their original mahogany finishes were restored. Hanging lights and gold-plated sconces are polished and illuminated. 66 seats in the reupholstered room in gold damask. New ivory silk curtains, manufactured by F. Schumacher & amp; Co., with printed colored baskets, flowers, and ribbons that replicate the 1901 damask design used by the company, replaced the curtain of pure gold cloth in the 1980s. The curtains are designed to reflect the color patterns of the White House of China. A $ 113,031 ($ 169,708 in 2017 dollars), a 43-by-28-foot (13.1 x 8.5 m) carpet with a floral medal pattern also installed. The Colonial Awakening carpet was woven by Scott Group Custom Carpets in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The 1902 silver plated chandeliers and wall sconces - last plated in 1961 - have been repaired, repaired, rewired, and cleaned. Sources differ by cost, with one putting it at $ 270,507 ($ 406,147 in 2017 dollars) and the other at $ 341,000 ($ 511,987 in 2017 dollars), but the fee is paid by the White House Endowment Trust. Clinton's restoration was not as successful as expected. White House Curator William G. Allman notes that at night, the lack of outer backlight tends to make curtains fade into the walls.
The Clintons were also the first to use the Eastern Room for most country dinners, rather than the much smaller State Dining Room. The reason is size: The State Dining Room can only accommodate about 136 people, while the East Room sits 260. The Clintons also use marqees, which are set up in the White House South Lawn, for state dinners, which allow seating to walk as high as 700 individuals. President George W. Bush, however, returned to the practice of organizing a country dinner almost exclusively in the State Dining Room. The gold-plated seats were often removed for food and replaced with smaller seats than elsewhere in the White House, as they proved too large to accommodate large numbers of guests around the dining table.
Obama's Renovation
In 2011, severe wear in the State Dining Room has taken a toll on carpets and curtains in the State Dining Room.
On June 25, 2015, the renovated State Dining Room was inaugurated by First Lady Michelle Obama. Mrs. Obama and the White House Preservation Committee began planning renovations in 2012. The first element of renovation, the 28-by-43-foot rug (8.5 by 13.1 m), is installed in 2012. The woolen carpet, knitted by Scott Custom Carpets Group, has a bouquet of flowers around the blue blue dotted fields accented by a group of oak leaves. The design of the carpet mimics the ceiling plaster from the ceiling.
The new silk window curtain is ecru colored, with a peacock-blue stripe accent intended to mimic the blue color of Kailua from the white house of China (which in turn mimics the waters of the state of President Obama in Hawaii). Fabrics for curtains are made by an undisclosed company in Pennsylvania. The window valances feature heavy swags, with a gold bullion rim, and reflect similar window treatments from the 1800s. The curtains hung from carved and gilded poles whose designs echoed similar curtain poles in the Red Room and Green Room. Walls and prints are painted in various shades of white and shiny, to accentuate the details.
A new set of 34 mahogany chairs replaced the Chiavari Theodore Roosevelt-era chair, which proved too large and impractical. The set includes six seats and 28 side seats. The new chairs are designed for multifunction, and match the heavy dining table as well as smaller dining areas. The look of Obama's chair is based on a chair designed by Georgetown cabinet maker William King, Jr. in 1818 for President James Monroe. The side seat is an adaptation of this design. All chairs are covered in horse-brown fabric with a grille-like pattern, and trimmed with brass nailheads. The chairs were manufactured by Baker Furniture in Hickory, North Carolina, and fabric by Brunschwig & amp; Fils.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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