The Dark Tower is an incomplete script allegedly written by CS Lewis that seems to be an unfinished sequel to science fiction novel Quit the Silent Planet . Perelandra became the second book of the Lewis Space Trilogy, summed up by the Terrible Power . Walter Hooper, Lewis's literary performer, entitled the fragment and published it in the 1977 collection of The Dark Tower and Other Stories. Lewis's scholar Kathryn Lindskoog challenged the authenticity of the work. For convenience the text writer is referred to in this article as "Lewis" without qualification.
Video The Dark Tower (Lewis novel)
Ringkasan plot
This story deals with the early sightings of interdimensional journeys. A Lewis fiction himself recounts, as he did in Perelandra, but Elwin Ransom appears as a supporting character. The story begins with a discussion of the passage of time among some academics at the university (later identified as Cambridge) during the summer holidays. They concluded that it is impossible to break the law of space-time in such a way. However, after discussion, one man (Orfieu) introduced the discovery that he believes allows people to see through time. The group uses this "chronoscope" to observe the foreign world they call "The Future" (he does not know whether it is future or past), where a group of human automatons work to build a tower in the bidding of the story's villain, "Unicorn ", an evil but human (or perhaps semi-human) character with a single horn growing from his forehead. The Unicorn stinging people, apparently volunteers, causing them to become automatons ( "Jerkies").
After a few moments of MacPhee, the character that appears in that Annoying Power (though here he is a Scotsman, not an Irishman), suggests that the "Dark Tower" is actually a replica of the new Cambridge. University Library. This shows that the future is a distant future, with a replica of an ancient monument being built.
It was found that Orfieu's assistant, Scudamour, has doubled in the past. Increasingly, the observers wonder whether Othertime is really the past or the future, or whether it is another reality. The double scudamour grows sting and becomes a new Unicorn. During one screening session, Scudamour sees the Unicorn stinging his double fiancée, Camilla. In an indiscriminate rage, he rushed to the screen, and somehow changed his body with the Unicorn. The rest of the text relates to his experience on Earth, as well as his colleagues efforts to hunt Unicorns in this world.
In Time, Scudamour survives by playing on his authority, the only card, when he tries to learn. He finds his astonishment that there is a chronoscope in the Unicorn room where he stung the victim - but now it is broken. She refrained from stinging Camilla, and tried to plan their escape. There seems to be some kind of war (which was inflamed by the "White Riders", who wanted to remove the sting from the "horse") against the enemy government. He read in the library about Othertimer science. A theory is given a lot of time lines; this does not seem to be split from different results, such as quantum reality, but simply proceeds separately. However, they can be controlled, and contact between them can be done. References are made to the myth of change. The law states that "Every two time lines approaching the right level for their material content is the same," and it was revealed that experiments with replica trains dumped in the right places have been successful in allowing mind controlled transfers. The text ends with Scudamour still reading.
Maps The Dark Tower (Lewis novel)
Origin
In his introduction to The Dark Tower and Other Stories, Hooper stated that he saved the untitled manuscript in Lewis's handwriting from the story of a writer's writer's flame early in 1964, a few months after Lewis's death. The 64-page manuscript appears to have at least 66 pages, two of which are now missing. If the text at one time continues past the 66th page, this additional page is also missing. As it stands, the narrative contains two gaps and ends abruptly. Dark Tower is an unfinished job.
Hooper guessed, based on his internal arrangement, Lewis wrote it as soon as he finished Exit from Planet Silent around 1939. Hooper reported that the late Gervase Mathew told him he heard Lewis read The Dark Tower to Inklings around that time. Anne Paxch posted in MERELEWIS that many who had never attended any Inklings meeting heard Lewis read his unpublished work elsewhere, and that he remembered Gervase Mathew and the others discussed the later parts of The Dark Tower . Inklings scholar John D. Rateliff suggested that the story could be written several years later, around 1946, pointing to a reference in a letter by Lewis's friend JRR Tolkien to the story by Lewis who could become The Dark Tower. I. Alistair Fowler has a clear memory of the character of "Sting Man" in Lewis's unfinished manuscript in 1952.
However, Fowler's memory, not shared until 2003, 51 years after the event, may not be perfect. He reported seeing Lewis fragrance manuscript "After Ten Years" on the same occasion, a text that Roger Lancelyn Green thought Lewis did not begin until 1959. Fowler also described Lewis as engrossed in magazine issues. Fantasy Science Fiction , which may be inaccurate given that Astonish shows what Lewis calls "Engineer's fiction", which he "lacks the slightest sense"; in the 1950s, Lewis was a reader and contributor of Fantasy Magazine and Sci-Fi Fiction.
Authenticity and its relationship to the published novel
Lewis expert Kathryn Lindskoog advocated the theory that the Dark Tower and other works published after the posthumous posthumous was a forgery written by Walter Hooper, based on the impression of his style and question which he submit their origin. Lindskoog claims that The Dark Tower resembles a story by other writers, including A Wrinkle in Time by Madeleine L'Engle (1962) and Planet of the Dead > i> by Clark Ashton Smith (1932).
Others accept that his story is by Lewis, because real and the publisher of the author states by publishing it under his name. The oppressive atmosphere of this book reminds Lewis himself of the Hidden Power (1945) and David Lindsay A Voyage to Arcturus (1920), which Lewis recognized as an influence.
The Dark Tower is different from the title of a novel published by Lewis' Space Trilogy in settings and subject matter. For example, Ransom becomes a marginal character, and action occurs partly in the alternative universe. However, if, as Hooper presupposes, the text was written before Perelandra and the Terrible Power , it is not necessary to maintain consistency with unspecified series, especially given that the tone and the point the published series of discussions change prominently between the first and the last book.
Margaret Wheatfield notes that "In the 'Dark Tower' we see an alternative reality with the dark analogue of the University of Cambridge, where evil magic is manifested and rampant, and people are made into robots by magical horn stings.In 'That's horrible Power' evil magic is working behind a screen at an old English university in our known reality, subtly damaging the faculty in worldly ways - academic political manipulation, tempting career advancement offerings and lucrative real estate deals. The frightening excitement behind it becomes gradually visible to the reader At least for this reviewer, it seems very reasonable to consider that one as the initial concept of the other ".
Alastair Fowler, Regius Professor Emeritus of Rhetoric and English Literature at Edinburgh University, to whom Lewis served as a doctoral superintendent, wrote in 2003 that he saw parts of the Dark Tower including the Stinging Man and discussed them with Lewis on 1952.
Two quantitative styometric analyzes have compared the Dark Tower with other books in the Lewis space trilogy. Both analyzes have supported the perception that, for whatever reason, the Dark Tower style is not commonly used by Lewis in trilogy. The first is deduced from the partial examination of the The Dark Tower ' s text that "with respect to the frequency of single letters and especially of letter pairs, the fragments of' The Dark Tower 'represent different styles of books composed of space trilogy Lewis's space. "The second, concluding that" the use of vocabulary in The Dark Tower is different from that predicted by [ Out of Silent Planet and Perelandra ]. "
Suggested developments
Walter Hooper notes, in closing remarks, that the Scudamour fiancée was once named the Ammeret family, and suggested a basis in the character of Sir Scudamour and Amoret in The Faerie Queene Book III. Amoret is taken by an enchanter and must be saved. Another noteworthy note is the possible Orfieu reference to Sir Orfeo , a medieval narrative poem combining the Orpheus myth with a trip to a fairy tale.
Tower development is clearly important. Lewis's timeline is quite coherent in terms of science fiction of his generation; often forgotten by the reader that he was very interested in science fiction long before it became fashionable. In the case of the law that "Every two time line estimates for the right level for their material content is the same" the tower is clearly repeating, on a large scale, from a success but a small experimental Othertimers' with a railroad warehouse built in the same room as ours. However, although Lewis is a reader of all kinds of science fiction, he himself is not interested in writing the technical side: he wrote in 1955 that "The most plausible appearance of plurality - ingenuity for our critical intelligence - will be done.... I am carrying a hero to Mars once on the spacecraft, but when I know better I have angels take it to Venus ".
How Lewis will explore the threats of the Othertime world is still unknown. The text mentions an "idol" whose face, in some way, is recognized by a Cambridge observer, and who, the narrator says, "still exists" at the end of the event will be narrated. How Lewis is meant to follow up this omission is unclear; he may intend to suggest links to contemporary world events, or may not have the right ideas in his mind. The story can be interpreted as a dystopian novel germ such as The Hurricane's Power: : Stingingmen and Jerkies can be paralleled with Conditioners and Conditioned as described in The Abolition of Man . A multi-body idol and a head can express Lewis's horror, expressed in many of his works, on the absorption and suppression of individuals into a one-willed collective: at Perelandra, referring to the loss of the same individuality, he speculates that "what the Pantheists expect in Heaven, the wicked actually receive in Hell".
References
- Fowler, Alastair. "C. S. Lewis: Supervisor." Yale Reviews , Vol. 91 No. 4 (October 2003), p. 64-80
- Hooper, Walter. "Introduction". Dark Tower and Other Stories . Harvest Books, 1977. ISBNÃ, 0-15-623930-2
- Lewis, C. S. Dark Tower . Dark Tower and Other Stories . Harvest Books, 1977. ISBNÃ, 0-15-623930-2
- Lindskoog, Kathryn. Light in the Shadowlands: Protecting Real C. S. Lewis . Multnomah Pub., 1994. ISBNÃ, 0-88070-695-3
- Lindskoog, Kathryn. C. C. Hoax Lewis . Multnomah Pub., 1988. ISBNÃ, 0-88070-258-3
- Rateliff, John D. " The Lost Road, The Dark Tower and The Notion Club Papers : Tolkien and Lewis's Travel Triad Time". Tolkien Legendarium: Essays on Middle-earth History. Greenwood Press, 2000. ISBNÃ, 0-313-30530-7
- Lewis, C.S., Brian Aldiss, and Kingsley Amis. "Real Estate" Spectrum IV . Pan Books, London, 1965. [For Lewis's interest in SF]
Further reading
- Downing, David C., Planet in Disaster: Critical Study of the Atonement Trilogy C. Lewis's Cry . University of Massachusetts Press, 1992. ISBNÃ, 0-87023-997-X
- Himes, Jonathan B. "The Allegory of Lust: Textual and Sexual Devices at The Dark Tower." The Truth of Breathing Through Silver: Moral Legacy and Mythopoeic Inklings. Ed. Jonathan B. Himes, with Joe R. Christopher and Salwa Khoddam. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2008. 51-80.
- Schwartz, Sanford. Appendix A: "Dark Tower". C. S. Lewis in Final Frontier: Science and Supernatural in the Space Trilogy. Oxford UP, 2009. 151-56.
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