Wooden flooring is a wooden product designed to be used as a floor, whether structural or aesthetic. Wood is a common choice as a flooring material and can come in different styles, colors, pieces, and species. Bamboo flooring is often regarded as a form of wooden flooring, although it is made of grass (bamboo) rather than wood.
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Type
Solid
Hardwood flooring
Hardwood floors are made of boards that are milled from a piece of wood. Hardwood floors were originally used for structural purposes, mounted perpendicular to wooden beams from buildings known as beams or carriers. With the increasing use of concrete as a subfloor in some parts of the world, engineered hardwood floors have gained popularity. However, solid wood flooring is still common and popular. Hardwood floors have worn surfaces that are thicker and can be sanded and finished over hardwood floors. Not infrequently houses in New England, Eastern Canada, and Europe have original solid wood flooring that is still in use today.
Solid wood manufacturing
The solid wood floor is milled from a piece of wood that is dried or dried before the sawmill. Depending on the desired floor display, wood can be cut in three ways: a flat saw, a quarter of a saw, and cracks. Wood cut to desired dimensions and packed not completed for installation completed or finished at the factory. Water content at the time of manufacture is carefully controlled to ensure the product does not warp during transport and storage.
A number of exclusive features for solid wood flooring are available. A lot of solid wood with grooves cut back the wood that runs the length of each board, often called the 'absorption strip,' which is meant to reduce the bruise. The solid wood flooring is mostly produced 0.75 inches (19 mm) thick with tongue and grooves for installation.
Other wood-making styles
Rotary-peel
This process involves the care of wood by boiling wood in the water. After preparation, the wood is peeled with a knife starting from the outside of the log and working towards the center, thus creating a layer of wood. The veneer is then pressed flat with high pressure. This manufacturing style tends to have problems with cupping or curling back into its original form. Hardwoods that are peeled with rotary work tend to have a plywood look inside the grain.
Skin sliced ​​
This process begins with the same treatment process as the rotation peel method. However, instead of being sliced ​​in a spinning way, with this technique the wood is sliced ​​from wood in the same way as sawnwood from logs. Veneers do not go through the same manufacturing process as rotary shelled veneers. Hardwoods engineered in this way tend to have fewer problems with "face examination", and also do not have the same plywood look in the grain. However, boards may tend to have cracked and cracked parts because the veneer layers have been submerged in water and then pressed flat.
Dry solid-sawn
Instead of boiling logs, in this process they are stored at a low humidity level and dried slowly to extract water from the inside of the wood cell. The wood is then sawed in the same manner as for solid hardwood boards. This engineered hardwood style has the same look as solid hardwood, and does not have the potential "face-proofing" problem of peel and skin-peeling products, because the product does not get the added moisture added.
Engineered
The engineered wooden floor consists of two or more wooden layers tied together to form a board. Typically, wooden floors are engineered using a thin layer of lamella from the more expensive wood that is tied to a cheaper wooden core. Improved stability of engineered wood is achieved by running each layer at an angle of 90 Â ° to the layer above. This stability makes it a universal product that can be installed in any type of subfloor above, below or above the class. Engineered wood is the most common type of wooden floor in Europe and has become increasingly popular in North America.
Several different categories of engineered wooden floors include:
- Wooden floor made of various layers of sawn timber. Most engineered wood floors fall into this category, and do not use rotary, composite wood veneers (such as HDF), or plastic in their construction.
- The veneer floor uses a thin layer of wood over a core that is generally a composite wood product.
- Acrylic impregnated wooden floors use a layer of wood impregnated with liquid acrylic then hardened using proprietary processes.
- Laminates and vinyl floors are often confused with engineered wood floors, but are not; The laminate uses wooden images on its surface, while the vinyl floor is made of plastic to look like wood.
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Comparison of solid wood with engineered wood
It is difficult to compare solid wood flooring with engineered wood floors due to the range of qualities in both product categories, especially engineered. Solid wood has several limitations. Recommended maximum width and length usually have a width of 5 "/127mm and length of 7 '/2100mm Hardwood is also more prone to" gapping "(excess space between boards)," crown "(convex upward when moisture increases) and "cupping" (a concave or "dished" shape of the board, with board height along the longer edge being taller than the center) with larger board size Solid wood can not be used with floor heating under the floor But extra care is required with planning and installation of heating systems and wooden floors, such as limiting temperatures up to 85 ° F (29 ° C), avoiding sharp temperature fluctuations, utilizing outdoor thermostats to anticipate heating requests, and monitoring moisture levels for subfloor prior to installation.
There are several characteristics that are common to each category: solid wood is more often finished in place, always in board format, generally thicker than engineered wood, and usually fitted with nails. Engineered wood is more often pre-finished, has a beveled edge, is very rarely finished, and is fitted with glue or as a floating installation.
Engineered wooden floors have other benefits than dimensional stability and universal usage. The patented mounting system enables quicker installation and easy board replacement. Engineered wood also allows floating installation where boards are not fitted with subfloor or one another, further improving ease of repair and reducing installation time. Engineered flooring is also suitable for under floor and luminous heating systems.
Installation system
Wood can be produced with a variety of different installation systems:
- Tongue-and-groove: One side and one end of the board has a groove, the other side and the tip has a tongue (wood protruding along the edges). The tongue and groove fit together, so join or align the board, and not visible after joining. Tongue-and-groove floors can be fitted with glue-down (both engineered and solid), floating (mostly engineered only), or spikes down (not recommended for the most part engineered).
- "Click" or Woodloc system: there are a number of patented system "clicks" that now exist. This click system is a "unilin" or "fiboloc" floor. A "click" is similar to tongue-and-groove, but instead of fitting directly into the groove, the board must be tilted or "tapped" to make curved or spiked tongues according to the modified groove. No glue is used when installing a "click" floor, making board replacements easier. This system not only exists for engineered wood floors but also engineered bamboo and small amounts of solid floor (such as "parador solido click") and is designed to be used for floating installations. This is useful for the Do-It-Yourself market.
- Floor connection system: There are various connection systems, as most of them are special factory production techniques. The general principle is to have grooves on all four sides of the board with separate, unrelated parts, which are inserted into the grooves of two boards to join them. Pieces used for joints can be made of wood, rubber, or plastic. This mounting system allows for various materials (eg wood and metal) to be mounted together if they have the same connection system.
- The wooden floor can also be installed using the lem-down method. This is a very popular method for the installation of concrete floor parquet on the concrete floor. In addition, engineered hardwood floors can use a glue-down method as well. The mastic layer is placed downstairs using a shovel similar to that used in the laying of ceramic tiles. The pieces of wood are then placed on the glue and hammered into place using a rubber hammer and 2x4 protected to create a level floor. Often the parquet floor will require sanding and re-finishing after the lem-down mounting method due to small size pieces.
- Floating installation: Floating installation is where the floor is placed in a glueless way on top of the bottom layer. Individual boards are locked together, and are not glued or nailed to subfloor. By doing this, floors float above the lower layer, and can be placed on top of existing tiles or marble, without the risk of damaging subflooring.
Completed, rubbed, and sanded
Floor completed
Two of the most popular modern finishing for wood flooring are urethane-modified oils and water-based polyurethanes. In both categories there are many variations and other names used to describe the end. Water-modified uranium and water-based polyurethanes also have very different refinishing and maintenance systems.
- Natural lacquer, lacquer, and varnishes used in the past, such as wax, are often mixed with oil.
- Oil - Oiled floors have been around for several thousand years and are the most common floor finishes used globally. The ready made floor of the oil is made from natural drying oil, and should not be confused with oil-based oil. The finished oil floor can be cured with UV. Most vegetable oils are 100% natural and do not contain VOCs.
- Brushed and oiled - The steel brush is used towards the grain that opens the wood surface and removes the flakes. The wood is then oiled.
Polyurethane - Finishing of polyurethane floors was first introduced around 1942. There are several types of polyurethane finishes that exist, but the two most common are polyurethane-modified oils and water-based polyurethanes. Water-based urethane is harder than oil-modified polyurethane and much safer for users.
Rubbing
Generally, wood flooring needs to be polished every 3-5 years. The process usually takes about a day. Buffing refers to the process of using a standing floor buffer. The floor is obscured with a 180 grit screen on the buffer. This allows the new coat layer to mechanically stick to the floor. This process works with great results as long as the floor has no wax or synthetic cleaners.
Refinishing
Sanding old wooden floor and smoothing it.
Sanding floor
Sanding provides a method to smooth the installed floor, compensating for subfloor ruggedness. In addition, sanding is used to update the older floor look. Sanding using a better sandpaper value is required to ensure penetration even stains when the stain is used, as well as to remove visible streaks from the crude sandpaper values ​​used initially. Before modern polyurethane, oil and night were used as an additional stain to give the final result. Beeswax and linseed oil, for example, are both natural crosslinking polymers and harden over time.
See also
- Parquetry
- Reclamation wood
- Timber Reclamation
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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