Saint Mark the Evangelist (Latin: M? rcus ; Greek: ?? ???? ; Coptic: ?????? Markos ; Hebrew: ??????? ? Marqus ; Amharic: ??? ? Mar? os ; Berber Language: ?????? ) is a writer traditionally thought to be derived from Mark's Gospel. Mark is said to have founded the Alexandrian Church, one of the most important episcopal of Early Christianity. His feast is celebrated on 25 April, and his emblem is a winged lion.
Video Mark the Evangelist
Identitas Mark
According to William Lane (1974), "unbroken tradition" identifies Mark the Evangelist with John Mark, and John Mark as Barnabas's cousin. However, Hippolytus of Rome in the Seventy Apostles distinguishes Markus the Evangelist (2 Tim 4:11), John Mark (Acts 12:12, 25; 13: 5; 13; 15:37), and Mark the cousin of Barnabas (Col. 4:10; Ph. 1:24). According to Hippolytus, they were all included in the "Seventy Disciples" sent by Jesus to propagate the Gospel (Luke 10: 1ff.) In Judea.
According to Eusebius of Caesarea (Herod Agrippa I, in the first year of his reign over all Judea (41 CE), killed Ephesus, the son of Zebedee. and arrested Peter, planned to kill him after Easter. Peter was miraculously rescued by the angels, and fled out of the region of Herod (Acts 12: 1-19).
Peter went to Antioch, then through Asia Minor (visited the churches in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia, and Bithynia, as mentioned in 1 Peter 1: 1), and arrived in Rome in the second year of Emperor Claudius (42 AD; Eusebius , Eccl, Hist. 2.14.6). Somewhere down the road, Peter meets Mark and takes him as a travel companion and translator. Mark the Evangelist wrote Peter's sermons, thus composing the Gospel according to Mark ( Eccl. Hist. 15-16), before he left for Alexandria in the third year of Claudius (43).
In 49 CE, some 19 years after Jesus' Ascension, Mark went to Alexandria [cf. c. 49 [cf. Kis. 15: 36-41] and founded the Alexandrian Church - today, Coptic Orthodox Church, Greek Orthodox Church in Alexandria, and Coptic Catholic Church claim to be the successor of this native community. The aspects of the Coptic liturgy can be traced back to Mark himself. He became the first bishop of Alexandria and he was respected as the founder of Christianity in Africa.
According to Eusebius (Eccl. Hist. 2.24.1), Mark was succeeded by Annianus as bishop of Alexandria in the eighth year of Nero (62/63), perhaps, but uncertain, because his death came. Then Coptic tradition says that he was martyred at the age of 68 years.
Most modern scholars argue that Mark's Gospel was written by an anonymous author, not a direct witness to the events reported.
Maps Mark the Evangelist
Biblical and traditional information
Evidence for Mark the Gospel writer of the Gospel who bears his name comes from Papias. Scholars of the Trinity Evangelical Divinity School are "almost certain" that Papias refers to John Mark. Catholic scholars argue that identifying Mark Evangelist with John Mark and Mark the Cousin of Barnabas has led to a decline in the character of Barnabas from a truly "Son of Comfort" to someone who prefers his blood rather than principle.
Identifying Marking Evangelists with John Mark also leads to identifying him as the one who brought water to the home where the Last Supper took place (Mark 14:13), or as a young man who escaped naked when Jesus was arrested (Mark 14). : 51-52).
The Coptic Church adapts to identify Mark the Evangelist with John Mark, and that he is one of the Seventy Disciples sent by Christ (Luke 10: 1), as confirmed by Hippolytus. The Coptic tradition also states that Mark Evangelist hosted the disciples in his home after the death of Jesus, that the resurrected Jesus Christ came to the house of Mark (John 20), and that the Holy Spirit descended upon the disciples on the day of Pentecost in the same house. Furthermore, Mark is also believed to be among the servants of the Marriage of Cana who poured the water Jesus had gained to the wine (John 2: 1-11).
According to Coptic tradition, Saint Mark was born in Cyrene, a city in Pentapolis in North Africa (now Libya). This tradition adds that Mark returns to Pentapolis at a later date, after being sent by Paul to Colossae (Colossians 4:10; Philemon 24. However, some think this actually refers to Mark Barnabas Cousin), and minister with him in Rome (2 Tim 4:11); from Pentapolis he went to Alexandria. When Mark returns to Alexandria, the unbelievers in the city hate his efforts to turn Alexandria away from the worship of their traditional gods. At 68 AD, they attached a rope around his neck and dragged him down the street until he died.
Veneration
The celebration of St. Mark was observed on April 25 by the Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. For the Churches still use the Julian Calendar, April 25, according to the calendar in harmony with May 8 in the Gregorian Calendar until 2099. The Coptic Orthodox Church observes St. Mark's Celebration at Parmouti 30 according to the Coptic Calendar which always aligns with April 25 in the Julian Calendar.
Where St. John Mark (son of Mary) is distinguished from St. Mark, the composer of the earliest Gospel we have, St. John Mark is celebrated on September 27 (as in Roman Martyrs) and the author of the Gospel on 25 April. In addition to St. John Mark in Jerusalem, Chester Hill Parish Church with Sefton in the Sydney Diocese (Anglican Church of Australia) is Saint John Mark and celebrates its patronal festival on 27 September. The icon of St. John Mark in Cyprus, painted by a Russian Orthodox monk in Walsingham, was once in that church and is now at Christ Church of Saint Laurence in Sydney.
Saint Mark Relics
In 828, the relics believed to be the body of Saint Mark were stolen from Alexandria (at that time occupied by the Abbasid Caliphate) by two Venetian merchants with the help of two Greek monks and taken to Venice. The mosaic in St. Mark's Basilica describes sailors covering the relics with layers of pigs and cabbage leaves. Since Muslims are not allowed to touch pigs, this is done to prevent the guards checking the cargo of the ship too close.
Donald Nicol describes this action as "motivated by politics because of piety", and "a puncture calculated on the prerensions of the Patriarchate of Aquileia." Instead of being used to decorate the church of Grado, which is claimed to have the throne of St. Mark, it was kept secretly by Doge Giustiniano Participazio in his modest court. The possession of the remains of St. Mark is, in Nicol's words, "a symbol not of the Patriarchate of Grado, or of the diocese of Olivolo, but of the city of Venice." In his will, Doge Giustiniano asked his widow to build a basilica dedicated to Saint Mark, established between the palace and the Chapel of Saint Theodore Stratelates, which until then had become the patron saint of Venice.
In 1063, during the construction of a new basilica in Venice, the relics of Saint Mark could not be found. However, according to tradition, in 1094, the saint himself revealed the location of his corpse by extending his arm from the pillar. The newly found remains are placed in the sarcophagus in the basilica.
The Coptics believed that Saint Mark's head remained in a church named after him in Alexandria, and parts of his remains were in the Coptic Orthodox Cathedral of Saint Mark, Cairo. The remainder of his remains are in Venice. Every year, on the 30th day of Paopi, the Coptic Orthodox Church celebrates the memorial of Saint Mark's church, and the appearance of the chief of the holy city of Alexandria. This occurred inside the Coptic Orthodox Cathedral of St. Mark in Alexandria.
In June 1968, Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria sent an official delegation to Rome to receive the relics of St. Mark of Pope Paul VI. The delegation consisted of ten metropolitans and bishops, seven of whom were Copts and three Ethiopians, and three Coptic lay leaders.
The relic was said to be a small piece of bone that had been given to the Roman pope by Giovanni Cardinal Urbani, the Venetian Patriarch. Pope Paul, in a speech to the delegation, said that the remaining remains of the saint remain in Venice.
The delegation accepted the relics on June 22, 1968. The next day, the delegation celebrated the papal liturgy at the Saint Athanasius Apostolic Church in Rome. The metropolitans, bishops, and priests of the delegation all serve in the liturgy. Members of the Roman pope, Coptic delegation living in Rome, newspapers and news agencies, and many foreign officials attending the liturgy.
In art
Mark Evangelist is most often described writing or holding his gospel. In the Christian tradition Markus Evangelist is represented by a lion.
Mark the Evangelist's attribute is a lion in the desert; he can be described as a bishop on a throne decorated with lions; as a man who helps Venetian sailors. He is often depicted holding a book with a pax tibi Marce written on it or holding a book and hand. Another portrayal of Mark shows him as a man with a book or a scroll, accompanied by a winged lion. The lion may also be associated with the Resurrection of Jesus because the lion is believed to be sleeping with eyes open, so that comparison with Christ in his grave, and Christ as king.
Markus Evangelist dapat digambarkan sebagai seorang pria dengan tali leher di lehernya dan sebagai menyelamatkan budak Kristen dari Saracen.
- Penggambaran Mark the Evangelist
Kuil utama
- Basilica di San Marco (Venesia, Italia)
- Katedral Ortodoks Koptik Santo Markus (Alexandria, Mesir)
- Katedral Ortodoks Koptik Santo Markus (Kairo, Mesir)
- St. Gereja Markus di-the-Bowery, Kota New York
Lihat juga
- Baucalis
- Pesta Saint Mark
- Injil Yohanes
- Injil Lukas
- Injil Markus
- Injil Matius
- John the Evangelist
- Lukas sang Penginjil
- Matthew the Evangelist
Referensi
Tautan eksternal
- Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "St. Mark". Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton.
- Â Skem, A. J. (1879). "Mark, Saint". The American CyclopÃÆ'¦dia .
- "St. Mark dalam Perjanjian Baru", "St. Mark dalam Tradisi Awal"; dua artikel oleh Henry Barclay Swete
- Karya oleh Mark the Evangelist di LibriVox (audiobook domain publik)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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