Violet is the color at the visible end of the visible light spectrum between invisible blue and ultraviolet. Violet color has a dominant wavelength of about 380-450 nanometers. Lights with wavelengths shorter than violets but longer than X-rays and gamma rays are called ultraviolet. In the color wheel that historically used by painters, it lies between blue and purple. On computer and television monitors, colors similar to violets are made, with RGB color models, by mixing red and blue light, in blue are two times brighter than red. It is not really purple, as it consists of several wavelengths longer than a single wavelength shorter than blue light.
The color name comes from purple flowers. Violet and purple look alike, but violet is the spectral color, with its own wavelength circuit on the visible light spectrum. Purple is a dichromatic color, made by combining blue and red. Amethyst is a famous violet crystal, its color arises from iron and other trace elements in quartz.
In history, purple and purple have long been associated with royalty and grandeur. The Roman emperors wore purple toga, so did the Byzantine emperors. During the Middle Ages, violets were worn by bishops and university professors and often used in art as the color of Mary's cloak. In Chinese paintings, the color purple represents the harmony of the universe as it is a combination of red and blue (Yin and yang respectively). In Hinduism and violet Buddhism is associated with the Crown Chakra. According to surveys in Europe and the United States, the color purple is the color most often associated with luxury and individualism, unconventional, artificial, and ambiguity.
Video Violet (color)
Etimologi
From ancient Central and French English violet , and from Latin viola , the names of purple flowers. The first recorded use of violet as the color name in English was in 1370. Violet can also refer to the first violin that was originally painted in the same color.
Maps Violet (color)
Gallery
Violet and purple
In traditional color wheel used by painters, purple and purple both placed between red and blue. Purple occupies space closer to red, between red and purple. Violet is closer to the blue, and is usually less intense and brighter than purple.
From an optical point of view, violet is the real color: it occupies its own place on the visible end of the spectrum, and is one of the seven spectrum colors spectrum first described by Isaac Newton in 1672.
In additional color systems, used to create color on a computer screen or on color television, violets are simulated by purple, by combining blue light at high intensity with less intense red light on a black screen. The purple range is made by combining blue and red light from each intensity; Chromaticity forms this line along the "purple line".
In history and art
Prehistoric and ancient
Violet is one of the oldest colors used by humans. Very dark violet traces, made by grinding manganese minerals, mixed with water or animal fat and then brushed on cave walls or applied with fingers, are found in prehistoric cave art at Pech Merle, in France, which is about twenty - about a thousand years. It has also been found in the caves of Altamira and Lascaux. It is sometimes used as an alternative to black charcoal. The manganese stick, used for drawing, has been found on sites occupied by Neanderthal men in France and Israel. From milling tools on various sites, it seems it has also been used to color the body and decorate animal skins.
More recently, the earliest dates on cave paintings have been pushed back farther than 35,000 years. Hand paintings on rock walls in Australia may be even older, since 50,000 years ago.
Berries of the genus rubus, like blackberries, are a common source of dyes in ancient times. The ancient Egyptians made a kind of purple dye by combining mulberry juice with crushed green grapes. The Roman historian Pliny the Elder reports that Gallic uses a purple dye made of bilberry to dye the clothes of the slaves. This dye produces a satisfying purple color, but the color quickly fades in the sun and when washed.
Medieval and Renaissance
Violet and purple defend their status as the color of the emperor and the prince of the church throughout the long rule of the Byzantine Empire.
While purple is less frequently worn by kings and princes of the Middle Ages and Renaissance, it is worn by professors from many of the new universities in Europe. Their robes were modeled after the clergy, and they often wore square purple hats and purple robes, or black robes with purple stripes.
Violet also plays an important role in Renaissance religious paintings. Angels and Virgin Mary are often depicted in purple robes. The 15th-century Florentina painter, Cennino Cennini, advises artists: "If you want to make a beautiful purple color, grab a fine lacca, azure blue (same number as another)..." For fresco painters, he suggests the cheaper, made from a mixture of blue indigo and red hematite.
18th and 19th centuries
In the 18th century, the color purple was the color worn by nobles, nobles and rich people, both by men and women. Good quality purple fabrics are expensive, and out of the reach of ordinary people.
Many 19th century painters experimented with the use of purple to capture the delicate effects of light. Eugène Delacroix (1798-1863) made use of the violet in the sky and the shadow of many of his works, such as his tiger paintings.
The first cobalt violet, a very red-violet cobalt arsenate, is highly toxic. Despite surviving in several lines of paint into the 20th century, it was replaced by less toxic cobalt compounds such as cobalt phosphate. Cobalt violet appeared in the second half of the 19th century, expanding the artist's palette. Cobalt violet was used by Paul Signac (1863-1935), Claude Monet (1840-1926), and Georges Seurat (1859-1891). Currently, cobalt ammonium phosphate, cobalt lithium phosphate, and cobalt phosphate are available for use by artists. Cobalt ammonium phosphate is the most reddish of all three. Cobalt phosphate is available in two varieties - less saturated bluish types and lighter and brighter and slightly more reddish types. Cobalt lithium phosphate is a purple violet that is lighter saturated. A color similar to cobalt ammonium phosphate, borate magnesium cobalt, was introduced in the 20th century but was not considered fast enough for artistic use. Cobalt violet is the only really light violet pigment with relatively strong color saturation. All other light-stable purple pigments are boring when compared. However, high prices of pigment and cobalt toxicity have limited its use.
Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) was an avid student of color theory. He used violets in many of his paintings in the 1880s, including his paintings of iris and the turbulent and mysterious ceilings of his starry night paintings, and often combined with complementary, yellow colors. In his room painting in Arles (1888), he used several sets of complementary colors; violet and yellow, red and green, and orange and blue. In a letter about the painting to his brother Theo, he writes, "The color here... must be suggestive of sleep and rest in general.... The walls are pale purple, the floor is of red tiles, wood from the bed and the butter chairs fresh yellow, green lemon light sheet and pillow, bright red bedspread, green window, orange table bed Blue bowl Lilac door.... Painting should rest your head or imagination. "
In 1856, a young English chemist named William Henry Perkin tried to make synthetic quinine. His experiment yielded not an unexpected residue, which turned out to be the first synthetic aniline dye, an old purple color called mauveine, or simply shortened to mauve (a dye named after a lighter color than mallow [mauve]). Used to dye clothes, it became very fashionable among the nobles and upper classes in Europe, especially after Queen Victoria wore a silk dress dyed with mauveine to the Royal Exhibition in 1862. Before the invention of Perkin, mauve was the only aristocracy and rich color to wear. Perkin develops industrial processes, builds factories, and manufactures dyes with tons, so almost anyone can wear a light purple. This is the first of a series of modern industrial dyes that completely transform the chemical and fashion industry.
the 20th and 21st centuries
Purple or purple tie became very popular at the end of the first decade of the 21st century, especially among political and business leaders. It combines the firmness and confidence of the red tie with the peace and cooperation of the blue tie, and it goes well with the blue business suit worn by most national and corporate leaders.
In science
Optics
Violet is at one end of the visible light spectrum, between invisible blue and ultraviolet. It has the shortest wavelength of all visible colors. This is the color that the eye sees in light with wavelengths between 380 and 450 nanometers.
On the traditional color wheel used by painters, purple and purple lies between red and blue. Violet tends toward blue, while purple tends toward red.
Violet colors are arranged by mixing blue and red lights in purple (the word "purple" is used in common sense for every color between blue and red). In color theory, the color purple is the color along the purple line on the CIE chromaticity diagram and does not include purple. The purple light of the rainbow, which can be called violet violet, has only a short wavelength.
Violet objects are objects that reflect purple light. The objects that reflect the spectral violet often appear dark, because human vision is relatively insensitive to the wavelength. Monochromatic lights that emit spectral-violet wavelengths can be roughly approximated by the color shown below as violet power .
Chemical - pigments and dyes
The earliest purple pigments used by humans, found in prehistoric cave paintings, are made of manganese minerals and hematite. Manganese is still used today by the Aranda people, a group of indigenous Australians, as a traditional pigment to color the skin during the ritual. It is also used by the Hopi Arizona Indians to color ritual objects.
The most famous purple dye in the ancient world is Purple Tire, made of a type of sea slug called murex, which is found around the Mediterranean.
In western Polynesia, the inhabitants of the islands make a purple dye similar to the purple Tyrian of sea urchin. In Central America, residents make dyes from different sea slugs, purpura, found on the coasts of Costa Rica and Nicaragua. The Mayans used this color to dye cloth for religious ceremonies, and the Aztecs used it for ideogram paintings, in which it symbolized royalty.
During the Middle Ages, most artists made purple or purple on their paintings by combining red and blue pigments; usually blue azurite or lapis lazuli with red ocher, cinnabar or minium. They also combine the color of the lake made by mixing the dye with powder; using a woad or indigo dye for blue, and a dye made of cochineal for red.
Orcein, or purple moss , is another common purple dye. It is known by the ancient Greeks and Hebrews, made of a Mediterranean moss called archil or moss dyer (Roccella tinctoria), combined with ammonia, usually urine. Orcein began to gain popularity again in the 19th century, when purple and purple became a color for the sake of mourning, worn after a widow or widower had been wearing black clothes for a certain time, before she returned to wearing regular colors.
In the 18th century, chemists in England, France, and Germany began to make the first synthetic dyes. Two synthetic purple dyes were created at about the same time. Cudbear is a dye taken from a dwarf moss that can be used to color wool and silk, without using mordan. Cudbear was developed by Dr. Cuthbert Gordon from Scotland: production began in 1758, the first lichen was boiled in ammonium carbonate solution. The mixture is then cooled and ammonia is added and the mixture is wetted for 3-4 weeks. Then the moss is dried and ground into powder. The manufacture details are carefully guarded, with ten-foot-high walls built around manufacturing facilities, and staff composed of Highlanders sworn in to maintain secrecy.
French purple was developed in France at about the same time. Lichens are extracted with urine or ammonia. Then the extract is acidified, the dissolved dyestuff is precipitated and washed. Then dissolved in ammonia again, the solution is heated in air until it becomes purple, then precipitated with calcium chloride; the resulting dye is denser and stable than the other purple.
Cobalt violet is a synthetic pigment found in the second half of the nineteenth century, and is made by the same process as cobalt blue, blue serulean and green cobalt. This is the most commonly used violet pigment used today by artists, along with manganese violets.
Mauveine , also known as aniline purple and Perkin's mauve , is the first synthetic organic chemical dye, invented by chance in 1856. The chemical name is 3 -amino-2, Ã, Â ± 9-dimethyl-5-phenyl-7 (p-tolylamino) phenazinium acetate.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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