The description of albinism in popular culture , especially the depictions of people with albinism in film and fiction, has been affirmed by albinism organizations and others have become very negative and has raised fears that it reinforces, or even raises , social prejudice and discrimination against such persons. This trend is sometimes referred to as the "albino evil" plot device .
The "evil albino" stereotypes or stock characters are criminals in fiction who are described as albinistic (or display physical features usually associated with albinism, even if the term is not used), with specific and distinct goals distinguishing criminals in the questions of the heroes by how to look. The nature of albinism commonly associated with evil albino stereotypes includes pale skin, platinum blond hair, and blue or pink-to-red eyes. Particularly none of the vast majority of depictions are visual disturbances, experienced by most real people with albinism.
Stereotypes have become known enough to attract satire and are considered clichés. In response to the "albino gunmen" character in The Da Vinci Code and The Matrix Reloaded, albinistic actor Dennis Hurley wrote, producing and starring in a short movie parody, Albino Code i>, plays stereotypes, illustrates typical examples of real-world prejudices, and suggests that the vision problem associated with albinism would make a successful career a hit man very unlikely. In Big Over Easy, author Jasper Fforde inserted an "albino community" protest against the albino bias between his fictitious news clippings, largely mocking stock characters and outdated plot devices. The Chicago Tribune Mark Caro's film reviewer says of this type of character that it is someone "who looks albino and thus, in an abbreviated movie, must be vicious". The National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation (NOAH) has stated that there are a total of sixty-eight films from 1960 to 2006 featuring "evil albino".
On the other hand, a number of real people with albinism have risen to prominence. (see Ã, § Leading people with albinism, under , especially in popular music and fashion (though, like in the case of the Winter brothers, may themselves be the subject of the "evil albino" parody. The animal universos capture the public imagination and wonder as zoo attractions, and even in the wild can attract popular and positive attention (see Ã,§ The famous albino animal, below .
Video Albinism in popular culture
Sejarah stereotip "evil albino"
The "evil albino" stereotype may also be rooted in Neolithic Eastern Europe, where some cultures portray Death as a pale woman with light hair. Fear of vampires and other legendary dead bodies with deadly pallor, especially in European folklore, can also contribute to an albino bias. This phenomenon may also be influenced by attitudes toward people with albinism in Africa or Jamaica, where people with that condition are sometimes regarded as a curse or magic (see Ã,§ Folk Story , urban legends and myths, below) . Dr. Deseologist Dr. Reese theorizes that the albino bias may be part of a wider Hollywood pattern to equalize or at least link skin disorders and appearance problems with criminals.
Another explanation may be sought in the ideals of each ugliness - most of the "evil albino" appearing in works of fiction from the West. In fiction from Japan, where ideals are referred to as pale skin as possible, characters with albinism or related traits are more often sympathetic than in American and British fiction. This is not to say that Japanese popular culture has not depicted "evil albino". However, such characters in Japanese fiction often are bish? Nen or bish? Jo whose beautiful looks contrasted their evil characters. The use of an albinistic feature to show criminals in Hollywood films seems to have begun in the 1960s, and probably related to the popularity of tanning (and thus a pale skin loss seen as appealing) in this period.
One of the longest-perceived literary examples of albino bias is HG Wells's portrayal of the main character in his 1897 science-fiction novel The Invisible Man, capable of becoming invisible using his scientific discovery simply because he has no natural pigmentation; deviating even before his experiment, he then becomes completely insane.
Albino bias is also alleged in modern times. For example, the Warner Bros 2003 The Matrix Reloaded film features two sociopathic characters with pale skin and white hair that are often interpreted as albino although there is a declaration statement that they are not. The positive portrayal of albino in mass culture is much rarer, though one example is the 1995 film Maps Albinism in popular culture
Albinism and fiction
A number of films, books, and other works have been criticized for the albino bias , because they attribute the unusual features of albinistic people (pale skin, white hair, and non-pigmented eyes) to danger , terror, or crime. Less often they are portrayed as harmless jokes and taunts, such as being likened and not socialized, or as "weirdos". They may also be positively portrayed, even heroically - a newer counter-trend. In the 2012 film the Canadian war wizard (rebelle) by Kim Nguyen, tells the story of a soldier boy who fled in West Africa and an albino boy played by Serge Kanyinda, albino plays an important role. This film describes the albino community.
Negative characters played
In the last few decades, there has been an increase in the number of albaistic characters being mocked (sometimes by the actual work in which they appear, eg the albino bias itself, and sometimes by other characters in a way that highlights the albino bias).
- "Powder", eponymous character in the movie Powder . The name can be seen as mocking or insulting; But his portrayal can be seen as positive in his portrayal of the bias effect on those with albinism.
- Autumn Lynn Henderson, sister protagonist in "Mercy Among the Children" by David Adams Richards. Already isolated in their small town in New Brunswick because of their father's reputation, he became increasingly alienated during his teenage years due to his albinism. His brother (and protagonist) Lyle tries to make Autumn's life easier by buying wigs and contact lenses for him, but that is very helpful in his care by other children.
- Casper, a.k.a. "Whitey" or "Q-Tip" (played by Michael Bowman), at Me, Myself & amp; Irene (2000). The original name he accused was like mocking his nickname. He is the subject of many ridicule, which can accurately represent the casual discrimination that people with albinism often suffer, and is accurately described as having a vision disorder, and is an important companion of the main character. Actors who are really albinistic "kinda sorry" take the role: "I'm afraid it's sending the wrong message."
- Cee-Cee, the character in the novel series "Mediator" by Meg Cabot, mocked by his classmates. Generally described quite accurately as people with albinism, wearing protective clothing, sunscreen, hats, and sunglasses outdoors, though it is said to have a purplish slice though it is rare. While explained in a supportive, as smart as that. On the other hand, Cee-Cee's aunt, who also has albinism, reads tarot cards and talks to dead people.
- Harold Kline, in Ghost Boy , a novel by Iain Lawrence, is an albinistic youth who escapes from home and ends up working in a circus with other "freaks", because people call them. Its portrayal supports, but the "weird" label does not, even if it accurately describes the bias attitude.
- The hermaphrodite at Federico Fellini Fellini Satyricon .
Characters that are displayed neutrally or ambiguously
Afrika
In Zimbabwe, modern folklore argues that sexual intercourse with albinistic people will cure one HIV, leading to rape (and subsequent HIV infection) of women with albinism in the region.
In Tanzania in 2008, President Kikwete publicly condemned the shamans for opportunistic altruism persecution, including a spate of albinistic killings (more than 50 since March 2007, as of October 2008, and initially limited to Tanzania) to their estimated body parts for bring good luck - hair, arms, legs and blood are used to make potions claimed by shamans will bring prosperity. As a result, the albinistic graves must be sealed with cement to prevent grave robbers. In June 2008, murders have been reported in neighboring Kenya and possibly also the Democratic Republic of Congo, spreading to Burundi in October 2008. (See Persecution of people with albinism for more information.)
Caribbean
In Jamaica, people with albinism have historically been degraded, and are regarded as "damned". Lately, albinist musicians King Yellowman and Al Beeno have helped dampen this stereotype.
North America
The 2004 book Weird NJ records, failed to prove, but more popularized one of the lesser-known local urban legends of the "albino colony". This book uses an alleged direct account sent to the author to depict images of various locations in the US (especially Clifton, New Jersey) where albinistic family aggregations are said to be aloof. The accounts tell horns honking tales to try to get people out of their homes, from gawkers fired upon by residents, and even from albinistic local butcher gangs.
In some versions of urban legends of sewer crocodiles, alligators allegedly became albinistic due to mutations (which made no sense due to short time scales) and/or lack of sun exposure (which misconfigured pale due to lack of sun exposure with albinism).
South America
Between Panama and Colombian Kuna, the albinists have a special place in native mythology.
Film and television coverage of discrimination against albinism
Because of the wave of persecution of people with albinism in parts of Africa (especially Tanzania and neighboring countries) - including ritual killings and cuts for potions and lucky charms - a number of documentary films have been made on the subject. These include In My Genes (Kenya, 2009), White and Black: Color Crime (Canada/Tanzania, 2010), and In the Sun Shadow (Tanzania, 2013). (For more information, see Persecution of people with albinism ç§ Films that highlight albinism persecution.)
Also released in 2013, the White Shadow , an award-winning German-Italian-Tanzania drama film, portrays the suffering of the albinistic Tanzanians and their efforts to avoid falling victim to witchdoctors reward hunters.
Outside the African context, the 2007 short film "Perception Is Not Reality: Describing the Real Truth About Albinism", eliminates Hollywood and urban legends-legends about the condition, produced by Mashawna Thompson, editor of Parents of Children with Albinism blog. The new version, featuring more than 40 different children with albinism, was released in 2014. The above-mentioned theme The Albino Code (2007) is to show the absurdity of typical albinistic depictions in Western media. In 2009, two models of African American albinistic fashion, Shaun Ross and Diandra Forrest, were the focus of an episode of the Tyra Banks Show, and revealed the trauma they experienced grow albinistik, before finding unexpected success at front camera.
Famous people with albinism
- Salum Khalfani Bar'wani, a politician in Tanzania (a country marked by the persecution of people with albinism) was elected to the National Assembly in October 2010.
- Connie Chiu, Korean fashion model with Jean-Paul Gaultier
- Cano Estremera, a Puerto Rican salsa musician
- Winston "Yellowman" Foster (also known as "King Yellowman"), a Jamaican dancehall musician
- G. Harishankar, a carnival drummer khanjira
- Marvin "Krondon" Jones III, a rapper and American actor
- Zephania Kameeta, a Namibian religious and political leader
- Stanley Kaoni (also known as "Sataan"), the former leader of the Solomon Islands militant (Kaoni has young blond hair and pale facial skin with some evidence of vitiligo, and seems to have developed some pigmentation especially on the arm; albinism is particularly likely to be OCA1b.)
- Salif Keita, a popular Mali musician
- Malford Milligan, American blues and soul singer
- Refilwe "Vanillablaq" Modiselle, South African women's fashion model, singer and actress, nominated to Oprah Magazine 2013 Power List
- Corrie "Al Beeno" Moodie (also known as "Prince Yellowman"), a Jamaican dancehall musician now living in Canada
- Mem "M" Nahadr, an African-American performing artist, writer, composer, off-broadway producer, and multi-octave, multi-genred vocalist.
- Ali "Brother Ali" Newman, an American hip hop artist
- Hermeto Pascoal, a Brazilian jazz musician
- Willie "Piano Red" Perryman, an American blues musician
- Abdallah Possi, a deputy government minister in Tanzania.
- Shaun Ross, African-American menswear model with Djamee Model
- Seinei, 22nd Japanese Emperor (5th century)
- William Archibald Spooner, an Anglican minister
- Darnell Swallow, a contestant at Big Brother 9 UK (2008); recorded to discuss albinism and his desire to be accepted with his roommate at the event, for example wearing the top with the words "Do not Label Me Respect Me"
- Victor Varnado, American stand-up comedian and actor.
- Redford White (Cipriano CermeÃÆ' Â ± o II), a Filipino actor and comedian
- Edgar Winter and Johnny Winter, American blues-rock musician brothers
- David Wrench, Welsh-born electronic musician
- Z? l (Persian: ??? ?), an ancient Persian warrior (now Iran), is mentioned in The Book of Kings and Shahnameh . Today, in Persia zaal is a term for albinistic people.
People often mistakenly have albinism
Roy Orbison was wrongly said to be albinistic, by his widow, for unknown reasons. German singer Heino has Graves' disease, which can be misinterpreted as albinism. Actor Anthony Rapp (from Star Trek: Discovery ) outperforms a rock band called Albinokid, but not albinistically, being a normally pigmented blond Caucasian. Former Mayor of London Boris Johnson, known for his pale hair, has also been mistakenly called albino. In general, platinum blondes ("wrinkled") with very pale skin can be misconstrued as albinistic (and vice versa, some forms of albinism can produce a seemingly normal phenotype so that only genetic testing can reveal an albinistic gene).
The famous albino animal
The albino humpback whale named Migaloo (Aboriginal Australia for "White Lad") traveled on the east coast of Australia, and became famous in the local media. The Bristol Zoo is home to a rare albino African penguin named Snowdrop, who hatched at the zoo in October 2002 and died in August 2004. For years, a unique albino gorilla named Floquet de Neu in the Catalan and Copito de Nieve in Spain (both of which mean "Snowflake"), is the most famous resident of Parc ZoolÃÆ'Âgic de Barcelona. In 2009, the pink albino bottle dolphin, nicknamed Pinky, was spotted several times in an inland lake in the United States, and its footage has become popular on Internet video sites. There is also an albino crocodile in the Jungle Island theme park in Miami, Fl.
Perhaps the most important albino animal in history is Mocha Dick, an early-19th-century sperm whale that lived almost near Mocha island, off the southern Pacific coast of Chile, decades before Herman Melville fiksalisasinya in 1851 Moby -Dick . A true pope is famous for being docile to the point where he becomes malignant and capable of paralyzing smaller vessels. This made him greatly feared among the whale crew, albeit also a target for the adventurous captain, who involved him in the possibility of as many as a hundred or more sea battles before he was finally killed.
References
External links
- Albinism in Popular Cultures website
- Skinema.com complete list of movie characters with albinism (since 2005)
- "Pale Riders Who Wear a Black Hat" - Wired News article on albinism in cinema
- NOAH, National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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