The right whale or the black whale are the three major species of baleen whales of the genus Eubalaena : the right North Atlantic whale ( E. glacialis ), right North Pacific whale ( E. japonica ) and Southern right whale ( E. australis ). They are classified in the Balaenidae family with bowhead whales. The right whale has a decaying body with a curved pulpit, a V-shaped bursting hole and dark gray or black gray skin. The most distinguishing feature of the right whale is the rough patches of skin on the head that appear white due to parasitism by the whale lice. The right whale can grow to more than 18 m (59 ft) in length with the highest length recorded at 19.8 m (65 ft). They weighed 100 short tons (91 Â °, 89 ton long) or more 20.7 m (68 ft) by 135,000 kg (298,000 pounds) or 21.3 m (70 ft) with uncertainty, significantly larger than the shore species others like Slouch, gray, or edens and omura, but smaller than blues. One explanation (apocrypha) for their name is that the catcher identifies them as the "right" whales to be killed in the hunt because of the amount of oil and bale they can provide.
All three species migrate, move seasonally to feed or give birth. The warm equatorial waters form a barrier that isolates northern and southern species from each other even though the southern species has at least been known across the equator. In the Northern Hemisphere, the right whales tend to avoid open water and stay close to peninsulas and bays and on continental shelves, as these areas offer greater shelter and an abundance of food of their choice. In the southern hemisphere, the right whale feeds away off the coast in summer, but most of the population occurs in the waters near the coast in the winter. The right whale feed mainly attacks the copepod but also consumes krill and pteropods. They can search the surface, underwater or even the ocean floor. During courtship, men gather into large groups to compete for one woman, suggesting that sperm competition is an important factor in mating behavior. Although blue whales are the largest animals on the planet, the right whale's testicles are actually ten times larger than the blue whales - with each weighing up to 525 kilograms (1,157 pounds), they are the largest of any animal on Earth. Gestation tends to last a year, and calves are born 1 ton short (0.91 Â ± 0.89 ton long) and 4-6 m long (13-20 ft) long. Weaning occurs after eight months.
The right whales are the preferred targets for whalers because of their benign nature, slow feeding behavior on the surface, their tendency to stay close to the shore, and their high fat content (which makes them float when they are killed, and which results in high oil yields whale). Today, the North Atlantic and North Pacific whales are one of the world's most endangered whales, and both species are protected in the United States by the Endangered Species Act. The western populations of both are currently threatened with extinction, with their total population numbering in the hundreds. The eastern North Pacific population, on the other hand, with less than 50 people remaining, is highly threatened - furthermore, the eastern North Atlantic population, which rates in teenagers is low at best, may already functionally extinct.
Although the pope no longer faces the threat of whaling, mankind remains by far the greatest threat to this species: the two main causes of death are beaten by ships and winding in fishing gear. For North Atlantic whales, for example, whose population is estimated to be 451 by 2016, down from 458 in 2015, these two anthropogenic factors alone account for 48% of all known whale deaths since 1970. More than 85% of the right whales has been entangled at least once.
By 2017, at least 118 whales are right on the St Lawrence Seaway, or about a quarter of the locals, who previously ate in the summer and autumn at Bay of Fundy and the Roadway basin. The habitat shift removes this population from existing conservation efforts and to busy cruise lines as well as snow crab fisheries where Fisheries and Ocean Canada double the quota by 2017. The right whale is evolved during the Miocene around 5 mya
Video Right whale
Naming
The popular explanation for the exact pope's name is that they are the
Despite this very reasonable reason, no one really knows how the right whale gets his name. The earliest reference to the right whale does not give an indication of why it is so called, and some who have studied the problem indicate that the word "true" in this context may be similarly meant to be "true" or "exact connotative," meaning typical of the group. "
Maps Right whale
Taxonomy
The right whale was first classified in the genus Balaena in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus, who at that time considered all the right whales (including the bow head) as a species. Through the 1800s and 1900s, in fact, the Balaenidae family has been the subject of a great taxononic debate. Authorities have repeatedly classified the right three whale populations plus bow head whales, as one, two, three or four species, either in one genus or in two separate genera. In the early days of whaling, they were all considered as a single species, Balaena mysticetus . Finally, it was recognized that the right bow and right whale head, and John Edward Gray proposed the genus of Eubalaena for the right whale in 1864. Later, morphological factors such as differences in the shape of the skull to the north and the southern right whales showed at least two precise whale species - one in the Northern Hemisphere, the other in the Southern Ocean. As recently as 1998, Rice, in a comprehensive and if not authoritative classification of the world's marine mammals: systematic and distribution, listed only two species: Balaena glacialis (the right whale) and Balaena mysticetus (arrow head).
In 2000, two DNA sample studies from each popes population concluded that the populations of northern and southern whales should be considered as separate species. What some scientists have found more surprising is the discovery that North Pacific and North Atlantic populations are also different, and that North Pacific species are more closely related to the southern right whales than the North Atlantic whales. The authors of one of these studies concluded that this species did not interbreed between 3 million to 12 million years.
In 2001, Brownell et al. re-evaluate the North Pacific whale conservation status as a distinct species, and in 2002 the International Whaling Commission of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) accepted Rosenbaum's findings, and recommended that the Eubalaena nomenclature be maintained for this genus. A 2007 study by Churchill provides further evidence to conclude that three different right whale species form distinct phylogenetic lineages from the bow head, and properly belong to a separate genus.
Cladogram is a tool to visualize and compare the evolutionary relationship between taxa; the point at which each branch of the node is analogous to an evolutionary branch - the diagram can be read from left to right, like a time line. The following cladogram of the Balaenidae family serves to illustrate the current scientific consensus on the relationship between the right whales and the bowhead whale.
Whale lice, parasitic cyamid crustaceans that live off the skin debris, offer more information through their own genetics. Because these ticks reproduce faster than whales, their genetic diversity is greater. Marine biologists at the University of Utah examined this flea gene and determined that its host was split into three species 5-6Ã, thousands of years ago, and the species was all equally abundant before the pope's capture began in the 11th century. Society was first divided by joining North and South America. Increased temperatures at the equator then create a second split, to the north and south groups, preventing them from interbreeding. "This put an end to the long debate about whether there are exactly three whales of Eubalaena whales are really separated without a doubt", Jon Seger, the project's leader, told BBC News.
More
The dwarf right whale ( Caperea marginata), a whale much smaller than the Southern Hemisphere, was recently considered a member of the Balaenidae Family. However, they are by no means the right whales, and their current taxonomies are in doubt. The latest authors put this species into the monotypic Neobalaenidae Family, but a study in 2012 indicates that it was the last family member of the Cetotheriidae Family, a family previously thought to be extinct.
Yet another species of the right whale was proposed by Emanuel Swedenborg in the 18th century - the so-called Swedenborg whale . The description of this species is based on a collection of fossilized bones unearthed in Norra VÃÂngara, Sweden, in 1705 and believed to be a giant. The bones were examined by Swedenborg, who realized they belonged to a species of whale. The existence of this species has been debated, and further evidence for this species was discovered during the construction of the toll road in StrÃÆ'¶mstad, Sweden in 2009. Until now, however, the scientific consensus still considers Hunterius swedenborgii to be the right whale North Atlantic. According to a DNA analysis performed by scientists, it was later confirmed that the fossil bone is actually derived from the bow's whale.
Synonyms and common names
Due to their intimacy with fishing for several centuries, the right whale has many names. These names are used throughout the world, reflecting the fact that only one species was recognized at the time. In his novel Moby-Dick , Herman Melville writes:
"Among the fishermen, whales that are regularly hunted for oil indiscriminately are determined by all the following titles: Pope, Greenland whale, black whale, great whale, true whale , exact whale. uncertainty about the identity of the species that is so much baptized... Some pretend to see the difference between Greenland whales from England and the Right whales, Americans. "
In fact, there is indeed a difference between the two - Greenland's "whale" from Melville, or "Greenland's right whale", is actually a modern-day whore pope, Balaena mysticetus .
Here is a junior synonym for the genus Eubalaena :
-
- Baloena Robineau, 1989
- Halibalaena Gray, 1873
- Hunterius Gray, 1866
- Hunterus Gray, 1864
- Macleayanus Marschall, 1873
- Macleayius Gray, 1865
Although the right whale is now officially present in the genus Eubalaena, the species species for the genus remain as first described - in the case of Eubalaena species species is Balaena australis i> Desmoulins, 1822 .
Some of the species-level synonyms are:
- For E. australis :
- B. antarctica < small> Lesson, 1828
- B. mysticetus antarctica Schlegel, 1841
- B. glacialis Mueller, 1776
- B. glacialis australis Scheffer & amp; Rice, 1963
- E. capensis Gray, 1866
- E. glacialis australis Tomilin, 1962
- Halibalaena britannica Gray, 1873
- Hunterus temminckii Gray, 1864
- Macleayius australiensis Gray, 1865
B. antipodarum Gray, 1843 - For E. glacialis :
- B. biscayensis Eschricht , 1860
- B. mysticetus islandica Kerr, 1792
- B. nordcaper LacÃÆ' Â © pÃÆ'¨de, 1804
- Baloena glacialis Robineau, 1989
- E. glacialis glacialis Tomilin, 1957
- Hunterius swedenborgii Lilljeborg, 1867
- Macleayius britannicus Gray, 1870
Scheffer & amp; Rice, 1963 - For E. japonica :
- B. japonica Lacà <  © pÃÆ'¨de, 1804 (basionym)
- B. sieboldii Gray, 1864
- Balaenoptera antarctica Temminck, 1841 (lapsus for Balaena)
- E. glacialis japonica Imaizumi, 1958
- E. sieboldii Gray, 1868
Description
Unlike other whales, the right whale has distinctive callosities (rough leather plums) on its head, along with wide back without a dorsal fin, sometimes with white stomach streaks, and a long, curved, or upper jaw, which begins above the eyes. Callosities appear white because of large colonies of cyamids (whale lice). Each individual has a unique call pattern. In 2016, competitive efforts resulted in the use of facial recognition software to obtain a process for uniquely identifying the right whale with an accuracy of about 87% based on their callosities. The main role of callosities has been regarded as protection against predators. A decrease in the right whale may also reduce barnacles. The right whale is a very large and powerful whale that can grow to more than 18 m (59 feet) and weighs up to 100 short tons (91 tons, 89 tons long), almost as large as a bowhead whale and much larger than any other species. with high dependence on shallow waters. Very large 40% of their body weight is fat, which has a relatively low density. Consequently, unlike many other whale species, dead whales tend to float. The right whale swims slowly, reaching just 5 kn (9.3 km/h) at maximum speed. However, they are very acrobatic and often violate (jump from sea level), tail-slap and lobtail.
Anatomy
Adults may be between 11-18 m (36-59 ft) long and typically weigh 60-80 short tons (54-73 t; 54-71 ton long). The most common length is 13-16 m (43-52Ã, ft). The body is very thick with a thickness of 60% of the total body length in some cases. Wide-tailed worms (up to 40% of body length). The average North Pacific species is the largest of the three species. The largest specimens can weigh 100 short tons (91Ã, t; 89 tons long). The right whale has a wide V-shaped blow, caused by a large blowhole on the top of the head. The blow rises 5 m (16 ft) above the surface. The right whale has between 200 and 300 baleen stone slabs on each side of their mouth. It is narrow and about 2 m (6.6 ft) long, and covered in very thin hair. The plates allow the whales to filter the bait.
The penis in the right whale can reach 2.7 m (8.9 ft) - testis, up to 2 m (6.6 ft) in length, 78 cm (2.56 ft) in diameter, and weigh up to 525 kg (1157 lb) , is also the largest animal in the world. Blue whales are probably the largest animals on the planet, but the right whale testicle is ten times larger than the blue whale. They also outperform predictions in terms of relative size, too - they are six times larger than expected based on body mass. Together, the testes make up nearly 1% of the total true whale's weight. This strongly advocates important sperm competition in marriage, which correlates with the fact that the right whale is very fond of making out.
Many southern whales are seen with fat rolls behind the bursting holes that often lack northern species, and this is considered a sign of better health conditions due to the supply of adequate nutrients, and can contribute to major differences in recovery status between the right whales in the southern hemisphere and north, in addition to the direct impact of humanity.
Life history and ecology
Dating and reproduction
During the breeding season, which can occur anytime in the North Atlantic, the right whale gathers into a "surface-active group" of as many as 20 men who accompany one woman. Females have their stomachs to the surface while males stroke them with their fins or keep them under water. Men do not compete aggressively against one another as male humpbacks. The female may not be pregnant but she can still assess the condition of the prospective partner. The mean age of the first labor in North Atlantic Whales is estimated to be between 7.5 and 9 years. Females breed every 3-5 years; calving interval is most often seen is 3 years and can vary from 2 to 21 years due to several factors.
The reproduction and delivery process takes place during the winter months. Calves are about 1 ton short (0.91 t; 0.89 ton length) heavy and 4-6 m (13-20 ft) long at birth after 1 year gestation period. The right whale grows fast in the first year, usually twice the length. Weaning occurs after eight months to a year and the growth rate in subsequent years is not well understood - it probably depends on whether the calf stays with its mother for a second year.
Each area of ​​the trial in the same region may serve for different purposes for the pope.
Age
Very little is known about the exact span of life of whales. One of the few well-documented cases was the female North Atlantic whale photographed with a baby in 1935, then photographed again in 1959, 1980, 1985, and 1992. A consistent pattern of severity made sure the animal was the same. She was last photographed in 1995 with a seemingly fatal head injury, possibly from a ship's attack. With conservative estimates (eg she was a new mother who had just reached sexual maturity in 1935), she was almost 70 years old to more than 100 years old, if not older. Research on near head whales exceeds 210 years or more shows this age is not uncommon and may even be exceeded.
Diet and predation
Appropriate whales consist primarily of zooplankton, especially small crustaceans called copepods, as well as krill, and pteropods, although they are occasionally opportunistic feeders. Like other baleens, they eat by filtering prey from water. They swim with their mouths open, filling them with water and prey. The whale then takes out water, using a baleen plate to keep its prey. The prey must occur in sufficient quantities to trigger the interest of the whale, large enough so that the baleen plate can filter it, and slow enough that it can not escape. "Embezzlement" can occur on the surface, underwater, or even on the ocean floor, characterized by the mud that is sometimes observed in the right whale body.
Two predators known as whales are humans and orcas. When danger lurks, a proper group of whales can clump into a circle, and throw its tail outward. They may also lead to shallow water, which sometimes proves to be ineffective defense. Apart from strong tails and large heads equipped with callosities, the size of this animal is its best defense, though the young calves are the most vulnerable to attacks of orca and sharks.
Range and habitat
The three species of Eubalaena inhabit three distinct regions of the world: the North Atlantic in the western Atlantic Ocean, the North Pacific in a band from Japan to Alaska and all regions of the Southern Ocean. The whales can only cope with the moderate temperatures found between 20 and 60 degrees in latitude. The warm equatorial waters form a barrier that prevents mixing between northern and southern groups with little exceptions. Although the southern species in particular must travel across the open ocean to reach its feeding grounds, this species is not considered pelagic. In general, they prefer to live near peninsulas and bays and on continental shelves, as these areas offer greater shelter and an abundance of food of their choice.
Because the oceans are so large, it is very difficult to accurately measure the size of the popes. Estimated number:
- 400 North Atlantic whales ( Eubalaena glacialis ) live in the North Atlantic;
- 23 North Pacific whales have been identified in the eastern North Pacific ( Eubalaena japonica ) and
- 15,000 southern right whales ( Eubalaena australis ) are scattered throughout the southern part of the Southern Hemisphere.
North Atlantic Whale right
Almost all of the 400 North Atlantic whales live in the western North Atlantic Ocean. In the northern spring, summer and fall, they eat in areas off the coast of Canada and northeastern United States in a span stretching from New York to Newfoundland. The most popular dining areas are Bay of Fundy and Cape Cod Bay. In winter, they head south to Georgia and Florida to give birth. There have been a few more sightings to the east over the last few decades; some sightings were made close to Iceland in 2003. These may be remnants of the endangered eastern Atlantic stock, but the examination of old whalers records shows that they are more likely to be orphaned. However, some sightings are regular between Norway, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, the Canary Islands and even Italy and Sicily; at least the Norwegians are from Western stock.
North Pacific Whale right
North Pacific whales appear to appear in two populations. Population in the North East Pacific/Bering is very low, amounting to about 30 individuals. The greater western population of 100-200 seems to survive in the Okhotsk Sea, but very little is known about this population. Thus, two species of north-right whales are the most endangered of all the major whales and two of the world's most endangered animal species. Based on current population density trends, both species are expected to become extinct within 200 years. Pacific species have historically been found in summer from the Okhotsk Sea in the west to the Gulf of Alaska in the east, generally north of 50 Â ° N. Today, sightings are extremely rare and commonly occur in the mouths of the Okhotsk Sea and in the eastern Bering Sea. Although this species is highly likely to migrate like two other species, the pattern of movement is unknown.
Southern right whale
The last major population survey of the southern right whales by the International Fishing Commission was in 1998. Researchers used data on the adult female population of three surveys (one in each of Argentina, South Africa and Australia) and extrapolated to include unpredictable and estimated areas number of men and calves (using available men: women and adults: calf ratios), giving an estimated population of 1997 out of 7,500 animals. More recent data from 2007 showed that the survey area has shown evidence of strong recovery, with populations nearly doubling from a decade earlier. However, other breeding populations are still very small, and the data are not sufficient to determine whether they are also recovering.
The southern right whales spend the summer months in the distant South Ocean, perhaps close to Antarctica. It migrates north in the winter to breed, and can be seen around the coasts of Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, Mozambique, New Zealand, South Africa and Uruguay. Since the southern whale hunt has stopped, the stock is expected to grow by 7% per year. Groups of South America, South Africa and Australasia seem to be very few, if at all, due to the strong loyalty of mothers to the place of eating and giving birth to them. The mother passes this instinct to her calf.
Vocalization and hearing
The vocalization performed by the right whale is not complicated compared to that made by other whale species. The whale makes groans, pops and burps usually at a frequency of around 500 Hz. The purpose of the sound is unknown but may be a form of communication between whales in the same group. The North's right whale responds to a sound similar to a police siren - the frequency sounds much higher than their own. When they hear the sound, they move quickly to the surface. This study is very interesting because the northern rights ignore most of the votes, including those approaching the boat. Researchers speculate this information may be useful in an effort to reduce the number of whale collisions or encourage whales to surface to the ease of harvest.
Relationships with humans
Whaling
In the early centuries of whaling on the coast before 1712, the right whale was the only great whale to be caught, for three reasons:
- They often swim near the beach where they can be seen by coast watchers, and hunted from beach whaleboats.
- They are relatively slow swimmers, allowing whalers to chase them on their submarines.
- After being killed by a spear, they are more likely to float, and thus can be taken. However, some drowned when killed (10-30% in the North Pacific) and disappeared unless they were later stranded or appeared.
The Basque people were the first to hunt commercial whales, starting as early as the 11th century in Biscay Bay. They initially looked for oil, but as the meat preservation technology improved, the animal was also used for food. Basque whalers reached eastern Canada in 1530 and beaches of Todos os Santos Bay (in Bahia, Brazil) in 1602. The last Basque journey was done before the Seven Years War (1756-1763). All attempts to revive trade after the war failed. The efforts of whaling in the lowlands continued sporadically into the 19th century.
"Yankee whalers" of the new American colony replaced Basque. Departing from Nantucket, Massachusetts and Long Island, New York, they took up to 100 animals in good years. In 1750, commercial whaling of the North Atlantic whales was essentially over. The Yankee whale hunters moved to the South Atlantic before the end of the 18th century. Brazil's southernmost whaling station Brazil was founded in 1796, in Imbituba. For the next hundred years, the whaling of the Yankee whale spread to the South Sea and the Pacific, where America joined the fleets of several European countries. The beginning of the 20th century saw a much bigger industrialization of whales, and crops grew rapidly. By 1937, there had been, according to records of whalers, 38,000 taking in the South Atlantic, 39,000 in the South Pacific, 1,300 in the Indian Ocean, and 15,000 in the North Pacific. The incompleteness of these records means that the actual take is somewhat higher.
When it became clear that stock was running low, the world banned true whaling in 1937. The ban was largely successful, although the violations continued for decades. Madeira took the last two whales in 1968. Japan took 23 Pacific whales in the 1940s and more under scientific permission in the 1960s. Illegal fishing continued on the offshore of Brazil for many years and the Imbituba land station processed the right whale until 1973. The Soviet Union illegally took at least 3,212 southern right whales during the 1950s and 60s, although reportedly only took four.
Watching whales
The southern whale has made Hermanus, South Africa, one of the world's centers for whale watching tours. During the winter (July-October), the southern right whales come so close to the shoreline, visitors can watch whales from strategically placed hotels. The city uses a "whale-carrier" (cf. town crier) to walk through the city announcing where the whale has been seen. The southern whales can also be watched in other winter breeding places.
In Brazil, Imbituba di Santa Catarina has been recognized as the National Capital of the Pope's Rights and holds the annual Whale Whale Week celebration in September when mothers and calves are more often seen. The old whaling station there has been converted into a museum dedicated to whales. In the winter of Argentina, Penumula Valdà © in Patagonia becomes the largest breeding place of this species, with over 2,000 animals cataloged by the Whale Conservation Institute and the Ocean Alliance.
Preservation
Both North Atlantic and North Pacific species are listed as "endangered species that may or may be affected by trafficking" (Appendix I) by CITES, and as "endangered" by the IUCN Red List. In the United States, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), a sub-section of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has classified all three species as "endangered" under the Endangered Species Act. Under the Marine Mammal Protection Act, they are listed as "exhausted".
The Southern right whales are listed as "endangered" under Australia's Biodiversity Conservation and Conservation Act, as "nationally endangered" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System, as a "natural monument" by the Argentine National Congress, and as " State of the "Natural Monument" under Brazil's National Endangered Species List.
The US and Brazil added new protection to the right whale in 2000 to address two major hazards. While environmental campaigners, as reported in 2001, are pleased with the positive impact of the plan, they are trying to force the US government to do more. In particular, they advocate 12 knots (22 km/h) speed limit for ships within 40 km (25 mi) of US ports at the time of high right whale presence. Citing concerns about excessive trade disruption, it does not institutionalize greater protection. Wildlife Defenders, Humane Society of the United States and Marine Conservation sued NMFS in September 2005 for "failing to protect endangered North Atlantic Whales, recognized by the agency as" the rarest species of whales "and which federal agencies which must be protected by the Marine Mammal Protection Act and the Endangered Species Act, which requires emergency protection measures.According to NOAA researchers, about 83% of the right whale sightings in the mid-Atlantic region occurred within 20 nautical miles (37 km) beach.
Southern right whales, listed as "threatened" by CITES and IUCN's "low risk - dependence on conservation", are protected in the waters of jurisdiction of all countries with known breeding populations (Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Chile, New Zealand, South). Africa and Uruguay). In Brazil, the federal Environmental Protection Area covering approximately 1,560 km <2> (600 m²) and 130 km (81 m) of coastline in the State of Santa Catarina was established in 2000 to protect breeding of prime species grounds in Brazil and promote whale watching.
On February 6, 2006, NOAA proposed its Strategy to Reduce Ship Attacks to the North Atlantic Whale. The proposal, opposed by some delivery interests, speed of the ship is limited during the birthing season. The proposal was made official when on December 8, 2008, NOAA issued a press release that included the following:
- Effective January 2009, ships 65 feet (20 m) or longer are limited to 10 knots (19 km/h) in New England's offshore waters when whales begin to gather in this area as part of their annual migration. This restriction extends to 20 nautical miles (37 km) around the central port of the central Atlantic.
- Speed ​​limits apply in the waters off New England and the southeastern US, where whales gather seasonally:
- Southeast AS from St. Augustine, Florida to Brunswick, Georgia from 15 November to 15 April
- The US Mid-Atlantic Region from Rhode Island to Georgia from November 1 to April 30.
- Cape Cod Bay from 1 January to 15 May
- Off Race Point at the north end of Cape Cod from 1 March to 30 April
- Great South Channel of New England from April 1st to July 31st
- Temporary voluntary speed limits in other areas or times when a group of three or more right whales is confirmed
- Scientists will assess the effectiveness of rules before the rules end in 2013.
The Stellwagen Bank area has implemented an autobuoy program to detect whales right in Boston Approach and tell seafarers through the Whale Listening Network website.
Threat
The main cause of death among North Atlantic whales, who migrated through some of the world's busiest shipping lanes while traveling off the eastern shores of the United States and Canada, was hit by ships. At least 16 ship strike deaths were reported between 1970 and 1999, and probably more were not reported. According to NOAA, 25 of 71 reported papal deaths since the 1970s came from ship attacks.
The second major cause of morbidity and mortality in North Atlantic whales is attachment in the plastic fishing gear. The right whale engulfs the plankton with its mouth wide open, risking entanglement in a rope or net mounted in a water column. Ropes wrapped around their upper jaws, fins and tails. Some can escape, but others remain tangled. The whale can be successfully deciphered, if observed and assisted. In July 1997, the US NOAA introduced the Great Atlantic Whale Whale Reduction Plan, which sought to minimize whale shackles in fishing gear and recorded large whale sightings in an attempt to estimate quantity and distribution.
In 2012, the US Navy proposes to create a new marine naval training sequence directly adjacent to the northern right hump region in shallow waters off the Florida/Georgia border. Legal challenges by leading environmental groups including the Natural Resources Defense Council were rejected in federal courts, allowing the Navy to continue. This decision was made even though the numbers are very low (as low as 313 by some estimates) of the current right whale, and the season of childbirth is very bad.
Note
References
Further reading
-
Kraus, Scott D.; Rolland, Rosalind, eds. (2010). The Urban Whale: North Atlantic Whale at the Crossroads . Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-03475-4.
External links
- IUCN Red List
- The Right Whale Lesson Plan from Smithsonian Education
- North Atlantic Whale at the Smithsonian Sea Portal
- National Library for the Environment
- The Correct Fall and Resurrection of the Pope, New York Times , March 16, 2009
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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