Coffee production in Colombia has a reputation as a producer of light and balanced coffee beans. The average annual Colombian coffee production of 11.5 million bags is the third highest total in the world, after Brazil and Vietnam; although highest in terms of arabica beans. Peanuts are exported to USA, Germany, France, Japan, and Italy. Most of the coffee is grown on the Colombian coffee-growing axis. In 2007, the EU gave Colombian coffee a term that protected the status of origin. In 2011 UNESCO declared Colombia's "Coffee Cultural Landscape", a World Heritage site. The oldest written testimony about the presence of coffee in Colombia is attributed to a Jesuit priest, JosÃÆ'Â © Gumilla. In his book The Orinoco Illustrated (1730), he enlisted the existence of coffee in the Saint Teresa mission from TabajÃÆ'Â ©, near where the Meta river boils down to the Orinoco. Further testimony came from the archbishop-viceroy Caballero y Gongora (1787) who registered the existence of a plant in the northeast of the country near Giron (Santander) and Muzo (Boyaca) in a report he gave to the Spanish authorities.
Video Coffee production in Colombia
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The first coffee plant is grown in the eastern part of the country. In 1808, the first commercial production was registered with 100 green coffee bags (each 60 kg) exported from Cucuta port, near the border with Venezuela. A priest named Francisco Romero is considered very influential in the spread of plants in the northeastern region of the country. After hearing the confession of parishioners of the town of Salazar de la Palmas, he was asked as a redemption of coffee planting. Coffee was established in the departments of Santander and Northern Santander, Cundinamarca, Antioquia, and the historic region of Caldas.
Maps Coffee production in Colombia
Export
Despite these early developments, coffee consolidation as Colombian exports did not occur until the second half of the 19th century. The huge expansion that occurred in the world economy at the time allowed the Colombian landowners to find interesting opportunities in the international market. Little by little, the United States became the most important coffee consumer in the world, while Germany and France became the most important markets in Europe.
Setbacks
Then the large landowners of Colombia have tried to take advantage of the new opportunities offered by the expansion of the international market. Between 1850 and 1857 the country experienced a significant increase in tobacco and quinine exports, and after that skin and livestock were alive. Initial efforts in the export of agricultural commodities were too fragile; they were actually only reactionary attempts to find the greatest advantage of high international prices at the time, rather than attempting to create a solid and diverse export platform. The production of these sectors entered a period of decline when the gold mines of their respective international prices were stopped, hence the consolidation of the industry was actually prevented.
With the fall of international prices, which record the transition from the 19th century to the 20th century, the profitability of large estates fell. As if this were not enough, the Thousand Day War, which occurred during the first years of the new century, also had a negative impact on important landowners, making it impossible for them to keep their plantations in good condition; This situation is summarized in the fact that these producers have experienced large amounts of foreign debt to develop their plantations further, eventually destroying them. Santander and Santander's coffee plantations were in crisis and Cundinamarca and Antioquia plantations stopped.
Consequences
The crisis affecting large estates brings with it one of the most significant changes of the Colombian coffee industry. Since 1875 the number of small coffee producers began to grow in Santander as well as in some areas of Antioquia and in the territory of the so-called Viejo or Old Caldas. In the first decade of the 20th century new models for developing coffee exports based on rural economies have been consolidated, supported by internal migration and colonization of new territories in the western centers and regions of the country, especially in the departments of Antioquia, Caldas, Valle, and in parts north of Tolima. Both the expansion of this new coffee model and the crisis affecting large estates allow the western region of Colombia to lead in the development of the country's coffee industry.
This transformation is very beneficial for small coffee planters entering the coffee market. Coffee cultivation is a very attractive option for local farmers, as it offers the possibility of permanent and intensive land use. Under this traditional farming productive model, based on the slash and burn method, the land remains unproductive for long periods of time. In contrast, coffee offers the possibility of having intense agriculture, without major technical requirements and without sacrificing subsistence cultivation, resulting in conditions for the expansion of new coffee cultures, dominated by small farms.
From 1905-1907 to date
Although this new type of coffee made by state farmers shows significant capacity to grow with current international price margins, Colombia does not have a relatively important dynamism in the global market of this product. During the period between 1905 and 1935, the coffee industry in Colombia grew dynamically thanks to long-term vision and politics stemming from the formation of the Federation of Nacional de Cafeteros de Colombia (National Federation of Colombian Coffee Peasants) in 1927.
The unity of local farmers and small producers around the Federation has allowed them to face logistical and commercial difficulties that are unlikely to happen individually. With time and through research conducted at Cenicafà ©  ©, founded in 1938, and the Agricultural Extension Service Federation, improve the cultivation system. More efficient spatial patterns are developed that enable product differentiation and support quality. Currently Coffee Land in Colombia covers all the mountains and other mountainous regions of the country, and generates income for more than 500,000 families of coffee farmers.
Recent developments
Climate change
The regional climate change associated with global warming has resulted in declining Colombian coffee production since 2006 from 12 million bags of 132 Ib, standard size, up to 9 million bags in 2010. The average temperature has increased 1 degree Celsius between 1980 and 2010, with average rainfall increased by 25 percent in recent years, disrupting the specific climatic requirements of COFFEA arabica bean .
Colombian coffee planting axis
The axis of coffee growth (Spanish: ij Eje Cafetero ), also known as the coffee triangle (Spanish: TriÃÆ'¡ngulo del CafÃÆ' © ) is part of the Paisa region of Colombia. There are three departments in this area: Caldas, QuindÃÆ'o and Risaralda. These departments are among the smallest departments in Colombia with a combined total area of ​​13873 km² (5356Ã,²Ã,²), about 1.2% of the territory of Colombia. The combined population was 2,291,195 (census 2005). In 2011 UNESCO declared this area a World Heritage site.
National Federation of Colombian Coffee Growers
The National Federation of Coffee Peasants of Colombia is a non-profit business association, renowned for its "Juan Valdez" marketing campaign. The Federation was founded in 1927 as a business cooperative promoting Colombian coffee production and export. It currently represents over 500,000 producers, most of them small family farms. The Federation supports research and development in coffee production through grants to local universities and through federation-sponsored research institutions. The Federation also monitors production to ensure export quality standards are met. The Federation was founded with three objectives: 1) to protect industry, 2) to study its problems, and 3) to advance its interests. The brand concept of Juan Valdez was developed in 1981 to distinguish 100% of Colombian coffee from coffee mixed with nuts from other countries. The trademark made its first TV appearance in 1983 featuring a country farmer carrying coffee on his mule.
Juan Valdez
Juan Valdez is a fictional character who appeared in an advertisement for the National Federation of Coffee Coffeeers of Colombia since 1958, representing Colombian coffee farmers. The ads were designed by Doyle Dane Bernbach advertising agency, with the goal of distinguishing 100% -Colombian coffee from coffee mixed with nuts from other countries. He usually appears next to his Conchita mule, carrying sacks of harvested beans. He has become an icon for Colombia as well as coffee in general, and the iconic appearance of Juan Valdez is often imitated or parodied on television and other media.
National Coffee Park
An amusement park based on Colombian coffee production was built in the QuindÃÆ'o area in 1995 by the National Federation of Coffee Peasants of Colombia and the Committee on the Department of Coffee Farmers of QuindÃÆ'o. In 2009, the park received 5 million visitors.
See also
- Astrid Medina
References
External links
- Media related to Coffee in Colombia on Wikimedia Commons
- Colombia's Coffee Cultural Landscape, UNESCO, unesco.org
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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